Yesaya 1:7

1:7 Your land is devastated,

your cities burned with fire.

Right before your eyes your crops

are being destroyed by foreign invaders. ¹ 

They leave behind devastation and destruction. ² 

Yesaya 1:31

1:31 The powerful will be like ³  a thread of yarn,

their deeds like a spark;

both will burn together,

and no one will put out the fire.

Yesaya 4:3

4:3 Those remaining in Zion, ⁴  those left in Jerusalem, ⁵ 

will be called “holy,” ⁶ 

all in Jerusalem who are destined to live. ⁷ 

Yesaya 5:13

5:13 Therefore my ⁸  people will be deported ⁹ 

because of their lack of understanding.

Their ¹⁰  leaders will have nothing to eat, ¹¹ 

their ¹²  masses will have nothing to drink. ¹³ 

Yesaya 10:18

10:18 The splendor of his forest and his orchard

will be completely destroyed, ¹⁴ 

as when a sick man’s life ebbs away. ¹⁵ 

Yesaya 10:27

10:27 At that time ¹⁶ 

the Lord will remove their burden from your shoulders, ¹⁷ 

and their yoke from your neck;

the yoke will be taken off because your neck will be too large. ¹⁸ 

Yesaya 11:9

11:9 They will no longer injure or destroy

on my entire royal mountain. ¹⁹ 

For there will be universal submission to the Lord’s sovereignty,

just as the waters completely cover the sea. ²⁰ 

Yesaya 13:19

13:19 Babylon, the most admired ²¹  of kingdoms,

the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, ²² 

will be destroyed by God

just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. ²³ 

Yesaya 15:5

15:5 My heart cries out because of Moab’s plight, ²⁴ 

and for the fugitives ²⁵  stretched out ²⁶  as far as Zoar and Eglath Shelishiyah.

For they weep as they make their way up the ascent of Luhith;

they loudly lament their demise on the road to Horonaim. ²⁷ 

Yesaya 19:18

19:18 At that time five cities ²⁸  in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord who commands armies. One will be called the City of the Sun. ²⁹ 

Yesaya 23:13

23:13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans,

these people who have lost their identity! ³⁰ 

The Assyrians have made it a home for wild animals.

They erected their siege towers, ³¹ 

demolished ³²  its fortresses,

and turned it into a heap of ruins. ³³ 

Yesaya 31:8

31:8 Assyria will fall by a sword, but not one human-made; ³⁴ 

a sword not made by humankind will destroy them. ³⁵ 

They will run away from this sword ³⁶ 

and their young men will be forced to do hard labor.

Yesaya 32:10

32:10 In a year’s time ³⁷ 

you carefree ones will shake with fear,

for the grape ³⁸  harvest will fail,

and the fruit harvest will not arrive.

Yesaya 34:10

34:10 Night and day it will burn; ³⁹ 

its smoke will ascend continually.

Generation after generation it will be a wasteland

and no one will ever pass through it again.

Yesaya 41:12

41:12 When you will look for your opponents, ⁴⁰  you will not find them;

your enemies ⁴¹  will be reduced to absolutely nothing.

Yesaya 48:9

48:9 For the sake of my reputation ⁴²  I hold back my anger;

for the sake of my prestige ⁴³  I restrain myself from destroying you. ⁴⁴ 

Yesaya 51:8

51:8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes;

a clothes moth will devour them like wool.

But the vindication I provide ⁴⁵  will be permanent;

the deliverance I give will last.”

Yesaya 63:6

63:6 I trampled nations in my anger,

I made them drunk ⁴⁶  in my rage,

I splashed their blood on the ground.” ⁴⁷ 

Yesaya 64:11

64:11 Our holy temple, our pride and joy, ⁴⁸ 

the place where our ancestors praised you,

has been burned with fire;

all our prized possessions have been destroyed. ⁴⁹ 

[1:7]  ¹ tn Heb “As for your land, before you foreigners are devouring it.”

[1:7]  ² tn Heb “and [there is] devastation like an overthrow by foreigners.” The comparative preposition כְּ (kÿ, “like, as”) has here the rhetorical nuance, “in every way like.” The point is that the land has all the earmarks of a destructive foreign invasion because that is what has indeed happened. One could paraphrase, “it is desolate as it can only be when foreigners destroy.” On this use of the preposition in general, see GKC 376 §118.x. Many also prefer to emend “foreigners” here to “Sodom,” though there is no external attestation for such a reading in the mss or ancient versions. Such an emendation finds support from the following context (vv. 9-10) and usage of the preceding noun מַהְפֵּכָה (mahpekhah, “overthrow”). In its five other uses, this noun is associated with the destruction of Sodom. If one accepts the emendation, then one might translate, “the devastation resembles the destruction of Sodom.”

[1:31]  ³ tn Heb “will become” (so NASB, NIV).

[4:3]  ⁴ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[4:3]  ⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[4:3]  ⁶ tn Or “set apart,” cf. CEV “special.”

[4:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “all who are written down for life in Jerusalem.” A city register is envisioned; everyone whose name appears on the roll will be spared. This group comprises the remnant of the city referred to earlier in the verse.

[5:13]  ⁸ sn It is not certain if the prophet or the Lord is speaking at this point.

[5:13]  ⁹ tn The suffixed (perfect) form of the verb is used; in this way the coming event is described for rhetorical effect as occurring or as already completed.

[5:13]  ¹⁰ tn The third masculine singular suffix refers back to “my people.”

[5:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Their glory will be men of hunger.” כָּבוֹד (kavod, “glory”) is in opposition to הָמוֹן (hamon, “masses”) and refers here to the rich and prominent members of the nation. Some prefer to repoint מְתֵי (mÿtey, “men of”) as מִתֵי (mitey, “dead ones of”).

[5:13]  ¹² tn The third masculine singular suffix refers back to “my people.”

[5:13]  ¹³ tn Heb “and their masses will be parched [by] thirst.”

[10:18]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “from breath to flesh it will destroy.” The expression “from breath to flesh” refers to the two basic components of a person, the immaterial (life’s breath) and the material (flesh). Here the phrase is used idiomatically to indicate totality.

[10:18]  ¹⁵ tn The precise meaning of this line is uncertain. מָסַס (masas), which is used elsewhere of substances dissolving or melting, may here mean “waste away” or “despair.” נָסַס (nasas), which appears only here, may mean “be sick” or “stagger, despair.” See BDB 651 s.v. I נָסַס and HALOT 703 s.v. I נסס. One might translate the line literally, “like the wasting away of one who is sick” (cf. NRSV “as when an invalid wastes away”).

[10:27]  ¹⁶ tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[10:27]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “he [i.e., the Lord] will remove his [i.e, Assyria’s] burden from upon your shoulder.”

[10:27]  ¹⁸ tc The meaning of this line is uncertain. The Hebrew text reads literally, “and the yoke will be destroyed (or perhaps, “pulled down”) because of fatness.” Perhaps this is a bizarre picture of an ox growing so fat that it breaks the yoke around its neck or can no longer fit into its yoke. Fatness would symbolize the Lord’s restored blessings; the removal of the yoke would symbolize the cessation of Assyrian oppression. Because of the difficulty of the metaphor, many prefer to emend the text at this point. Some emend וְחֻבַּל (vÿkhubbal, “and it will be destroyed,” a perfect with prefixed vav), to יִחְבֹּל (yikhbol, “[it] will be destroyed,” an imperfect), and take the verb with what precedes, “and their yoke will be destroyed from your neck.” Proponents of this view (cf. NAB, NRSV) then emend עֹל (’ol, “yoke”) to עָלָה (’alah, “he came up”) and understand this verb as introducing the following description of the Assyrian invasion (vv. 28-32). מִפְּנֵי־שָׁמֶן (mippÿney-shamen, “because of fatness”) is then emended to read “from before Rimmon” (NAB, NRSV), “from before Samaria,” or “from before Jeshimon.” Although this line may present difficulties, it appears best to regard the line as a graphic depiction of God’s abundant blessings on his servant nation.

[11:9]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “in all my holy mountain.” In the most basic sense the Lord’s “holy mountain” is the mountain from which he rules over his kingdom (see Ezek 28:14, 16). More specifically it probably refers to Mount Zion/Jerusalem or to the entire land of Israel (see Pss 2:6; 15:1; 43:3; Isa 56:7; 57:13; Ezek 20:40; Ob 16; Zeph 3:11). If the Lord’s universal kingdom is in view in this context (see the note on “earth” at v. 4), then the phrase would probably be metonymic here, standing for God’s worldwide dominion (see the next line).

[11:9]  ²⁰ tn Heb “for the earth will be full of knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.” The translation assumes that a universal kingdom is depicted here, but אֶרֶץ (’erets) could be translated “land” (see the note at v. 4). “Knowledge of the Lord” refers here to a recognition of the Lord’s sovereignty which results in a willingness to submit to his authority. See the note at v. 2.

[13:19]  ²¹ tn Or “most beautiful” (NCV, TEV).

[13:19]  ²² tn Heb “the beauty of the pride of the Chaldeans.”

[13:19]  sn The Chaldeans were a group of tribes who lived in southern Mesopotamia. The established the so-called neo-Babylonian empire in the late seventh century b.c. Their most famous king, Nebuchadnezzar, conquered Judah in 605 b.c. and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 b.c.

[13:19]  ²³ tn Heb “and Babylon…will be like the overthrow by God of Sodom and Gomorrah.” On מַהְפֵּכַת (mahpekhat, “overthrow”) see the note on the word “destruction” in 1:7.

[15:5]  ²⁴ tn Heb “for Moab.” For rhetorical purposes the speaker (the Lord?, see v. 9) plays the role of a mourner.

[15:5]  ²⁵ tn The vocalization of the Hebrew text suggests “the bars of her gates,” but the form should be repointed to yield, “her fugitives.” See HALOT 156-57 s.v. בָּרִחַ, and BDB 138 s.v. בָּרִיהַ.

[15:5]  ²⁶ tn The words “are stretched out” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[15:5]  ²⁷ tn Heb “For the ascent of Luhith, with weeping they go up it; for [on] the road to Horonaim an outcry over shattering they raise up.”

[19:18]  ²⁸ sn The significance of the number “five” in this context is uncertain. For a discussion of various proposals, see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:376-77.

[19:18]  ²⁹ tc The Hebrew text has עִיר הַהֶרֶס (’ir haheres, “City of Destruction”; cf. NASB, NIV) but this does not fit the positive emphasis of vv. 18-22. The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a and some medieval Hebrew mss read עִיר הָחֶרֶס (’ir hakheres, “City of the Sun,” i.e., Heliopolis). This reading also finds support from Symmachus’ Greek version, the Targum, and the Vulgate. See HALOT 257 s.v. חֶרֶס and HALOT 355 s.v. II חֶרֶס.

[23:13]  ³⁰ tn Heb “this people [that] is not.”

[23:13]  ³¹ tn For the meaning of this word, see HALOT 118 s.v. *בַּחוּן.

[23:13]  ³² tn Or “laid bare.” For the meaning of this word, see HALOT 889 s.v. ערר.

[23:13]  ³³ sn This verse probably refers to the Assyrian destruction of Babylon.

[31:8]  ³⁴ tn Heb “Assyria will fall by a sword, not of a man.”

[31:8]  ³⁵ tn Heb “and a sword not of humankind will devour him.”

[31:8]  ³⁶ tn Heb “he will flee for himself from before a sword.”

[32:10]  ³⁷ tn Heb “days upon a year.”

[32:10]  ³⁸ tn Or perhaps, “olive.” See 24:13.

[34:10]  ³⁹ tn Heb “it will not be extinguished.”

[41:12]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “the men of your struggle”; NASB “those who quarrel with you.”

[41:12]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “the men of your battle”; NAB “who do battle with you.”

[48:9]  ⁴² tn Heb “for the sake of my name” (so NAB, NASB); NLT “for my own sake.”

[48:9]  ⁴³ tn Heb “and my praise.” לְמַעַן (lÿma’an, “for the sake of”) is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[48:9]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “I restrain [myself] concerning you not to cut you off.”

[51:8]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “my vindication”; many English versions “my righteousness”; NRSV, TEV “my deliverance”; CEV “my victory.”

[63:6]  ⁴⁶ sn See Isa 49:26 and 51:23 for similar imagery.

[63:6]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “and I brought down to the ground their juice.” “Juice” refers to their blood (see v. 3).

[64:11]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “our source of pride.”

[64:11]  ⁴⁹ tn Or “all that we valued has become a ruin.”