Wahyu 14:6

Three Angels and Three Messages

14:6 Then ¹  I saw another ²  angel flying directly overhead, ³  and he had ⁴  an eternal gospel to proclaim ⁵  to those who live ⁶  on the earth – to every nation, tribe, ⁷  language, and people.

Wahyu 6:8

6:8 So ⁸  I looked ⁹  and here came ¹⁰  a pale green ¹¹  horse! The ¹²  name of the one who rode it ¹³  was Death, and Hades followed right behind. ¹⁴  They ¹⁵  were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill its population with the sword, ¹⁶  famine, and disease, ¹⁷  and by the wild animals of the earth.

[14:6]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[14:6]  ² tc Most mss (Ì47 א* Ï sa) lack ἄλλον (allon, “another”) here, but the support for it is stronger (Ì^115vid א² A C P 051 1006 1611 1841 2053 2329 al latt sy bo). The problem that its inclusion represents is that there is no reference to any other angel in the immediate context (the last mention was in 11:15). In this instance, the longer reading is harder. The word was probably intentionally omitted in order to resolve the tension; less likely, it might have been accidentally omitted since its spelling is similar to “angel” (ἄγγελος, angelos).

[14:6]  ³ tn L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’”

[14:6]  ⁴ tn Grk “having.”

[14:6]  ⁵ tn Or “an eternal gospel to announce as good news.”

[14:6]  ⁶ tn Grk “to those seated on the earth.”

[14:6]  ⁷ tn Grk “and tribe,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[6:8]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the summons by the fourth creature.

[6:8]  ⁹ tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to have come through the mss that have already placed “and look” (καὶ ἴδε or καὶ βλέπε [kai ide or kai blepe]) after the verb “come” (ἔρχου, ercou) in 6:1. Thus, for these copyists it was redundant to add “and I looked” again.

[6:8]  ¹⁰ tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[6:8]  ¹¹ tn A sickly pallor, when referring to persons, or the green color of plants. BDAG 1085 s.v. χλωρός 2 states, “pale, greenish gray…as the color of a pers. in sickness contrasted with appearance in health…so the horse ridden by Death…ἵππος χλωρός Rv 6:8.” Because the color of the horse is symbolic, “pale green” is used in the translation. Cf. NIV, NCV “pale”; NASB “ashen.”

[6:8]  ¹² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[6:8]  ¹³ tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”

[6:8]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “And Hades was following with him.” The Greek expression μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ (met’ autou, “with him”) is Semitic and indicates close proximity. The translation “followed right behind” reflects this.

[6:8]  ¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[6:8]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[6:8]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “with death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).