Ulangan 4:9

Reminder of the Horeb Covenant

4:9 Again, however, pay very careful attention, ¹  lest you forget the things you have seen and disregard them for the rest of your life; instead teach them to your children and grandchildren.

Ulangan 4:11

4:11 You approached and stood at the foot of the mountain, a mountain ablaze to the sky above it ²  and yet dark with a thick cloud. ³ 

Ulangan 4:19

4:19 When you look up ⁴  to the sky ⁵  and see the sun, moon, and stars – the whole heavenly creation ⁶  – you must not be seduced to worship and serve them, ⁷  for the Lord your God has assigned ⁸  them to all the people ⁹  of the world. ¹⁰ 

[4:9]  ¹ tn Heb “watch yourself and watch your soul carefully.”

[4:11]  ² tn Heb “a mountain burning with fire as far as the heart of the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[4:11]  ³ tn Heb “darkness, cloud, and heavy cloud.”

[4:19]  ⁴ tn Heb “lest you lift up your eyes.” In the Hebrew text vv. 16-19 are subordinated to “Be careful” in v. 15, but this makes for an unduly long sentence in English.

[4:19]  ⁵ tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[4:19]  ⁶ tn Heb “all the host of heaven.”

[4:19]  ⁷ tn In the Hebrew text the verbal sequence in v. 19 is “lest you look up…and see…and be seduced…and worship them…and serve them.” However, the first two actions are not prohibited in and of themselves. The prohibition pertains to the final three actions. The first two verbs describe actions that are logically subordinate to the following actions and can be treated as temporal or circumstantial: “lest, looking up…and seeing…, you are seduced.” See Joüon 2:635 §168.h.

[4:19]  ⁸ tn Or “allotted.”

[4:19]  ⁹ tn Or “nations.”

[4:19]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “under all the heaven.”

[4:19]  sn The OT views the heavenly host as God’s council, which surrounds his royal throne ready to do his bidding (see 1 Kgs 22:19). God has given this group, sometimes called the “sons of God” (cf. Job 1:6; 38:7; Ps 89:6), jurisdiction over the nations. See Deut 32:8 (LXX). Some also see this assembly as the addressee in Ps 82. While God delegated his council to rule over the nations, he established a theocratic government over Israel and ruled directly over his chosen people via the Mosaic covenant. See v. 20, as well as Deut 32:9.