Ruth 4:22

4:22 Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse was the father of David. ¹ 

Ruth 4:1

Boaz Settles the Matter

4:1 Now Boaz went up ²  to the village gate and sat there. Then along came the guardian ³  whom Boaz had mentioned to Ruth! ⁴  Boaz said, “Come ⁵  here and sit down, ‘John Doe’!” ⁶  So he came ⁷  and sat down.

1 Samuel 16:1

Samuel Anoints David as King

16:1 The Lord said to Samuel, “How long do you intend to mourn for Saul? I have rejected him as king over Israel. ⁸  Fill your horn with olive oil and go! I am sending you to Jesse in Bethlehem, ⁹  for I have selected a king for myself from among his sons.” ¹⁰ 

1 Samuel 16:18

16:18 One of his attendants replied, ¹¹  “I have seen a son of Jesse in Bethlehem ¹²  who knows how to play the lyre. He is a brave warrior ¹³  and is articulate ¹⁴  and handsome, ¹⁵  for the Lord is with him.”

[4:22]  ¹ sn The theological message of the Book of Ruth may be summarized as follows: God cares for needy people like Naomi and Ruth; he is their ally in this chaotic world. He richly rewards people like Ruth and Boaz who demonstrate sacrificial love and in so doing become his instruments in helping the needy. God’s rewards for those who sacrificially love others sometimes exceed their wildest imagination and transcend their lifetime.

[4:1]  ² tn The disjunctive clause structure (note the pattern vav [ו] + subject + verb) here signals the beginning of a new scene.

[4:1]  ³ tn Sometimes translated “redeemer.” See the note on the phrase “guardian of the family interests” in 3:9.

[4:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “look, the guardian was passing by of whom Boaz had spoken.”

[4:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “turn aside” (so KJV, NASB); NIV, TEV, NLT “Come over here.”

[4:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “a certain one”; KJV, ASV “such a one.” The expression פְלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי (pÿloni ’almoni) is not the name of the nearest relative, but an idiom which literally means “such and such” or “a certain one” (BDB 811-12 s.v. פְלֹנִי), which is used when one wishes to be ambiguous (1 Sam 21:3; 2 Kgs 6:8). Certainly Boaz would have known his relative’s name, especially in such a small village, and would have uttered his actual name. However the narrator refuses to record his name in a form of poetic justice because he refused to preserve Mahlon’s “name” (lineage) by marrying his widow (see 4:5, 9-10). This close relative, who is a literary foil for Boaz, refuses to fulfill the role of family guardian. Because he does nothing memorable, he remains anonymous in a chapter otherwise filled with names. His anonymity contrasts sharply with Boaz’s prominence in the story and the fame he attains through the child born to Ruth. Because the actual name of this relative is not recorded, the translation of this expression is difficult since contemporary English style expects either a name or title. This is usually supplied in modern translations: “friend” (NASB, NIV, RSV, NRSV, NLT), “so-and-so” (JPS, NJPS). Perhaps “Mr. So-And-So!” or “Mr. No-Name!” makes the point. For discussion see Adele Berlin, Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative, 99-101; R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 233-35; F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 196-97. In the present translation “John Doe” is used since it is a standard designation for someone who is a party to legal proceedings whose true name is unknown.

[4:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “and he turned aside” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “And he went over.”

[16:1]  ³ tc The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And the Lord said to Samuel.”

[16:1]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[16:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “for I have seen among his sons for me a king.”

[16:18]  ⁴ tn Heb “answered and said.”

[16:18]  ⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[16:18]  ⁶ tn Heb “mighty man of valor and a man of war.”

[16:18]  ⁷ tn Heb “discerning of word.”

[16:18]  ⁸ tn Heb “a man of form.”