Mazmur 66:5-6

66:5 Come and witness ¹  God’s exploits! ² 

His acts on behalf of people are awesome! ³ 

66:6 He turned the sea into dry land; ⁴ 

they passed through the river on foot. ⁵ 

Let us rejoice in him there! ⁶ 

Mazmur 74:13

74:13 You destroyed ⁷  the sea by your strength;

you shattered the heads of the sea monster ⁸  in the water.

Mazmur 78:13

78:13 He divided the sea and led them across it;

he made the water stand in a heap.

Mazmur 106:9-11

106:9 He shouted at ⁹  the Red Sea and it dried up;

he led them through the deep water as if it were a desert.

106:10 He delivered them from the power ¹⁰  of the one who hated them,

and rescued ¹¹  them from the power ¹²  of the enemy.

106:11 The water covered their enemies;

not even one of them survived. ¹³ 

Keluaran 14:21-22

14:21 Moses stretched out his hand toward the sea, and the Lord drove the sea apart ¹⁴  by a strong east wind all that night, and he made the sea into dry land, and the water was divided. 14:22 So the Israelites went through the middle of the sea on dry ground, the water forming a wall ¹⁵  for them on their right and on their left.

Keluaran 14:29

14:29 But the Israelites walked on dry ground in the middle of the sea, the water forming a wall for them on their right and on their left.

Yesaya 63:12-13

63:12 the one who made his majestic power available to Moses, ¹⁶ 

who divided the water before them,

gaining for himself a lasting reputation, ¹⁷ 

63:13 who led them through the deep water?

Like a horse running on flat land ¹⁸  they did not stumble.

Ibrani 11:29

11:29 By faith they crossed the Red Sea as if on dry ground, but when the Egyptians tried it, they were swallowed up.

[66:5]  ¹ tn Or “see.”

[66:5]  ² tn Or “acts” (see Ps 46:8).

[66:5]  ³ tn Heb “awesome [is] an act toward the sons of man.” It is unclear how the prepositional phrase relates to what precedes. If collocated with “act,” it may mean “on behalf of” or “toward.” If taken with “awesome” (see 1 Chr 16:25; Pss 89:7; 96:4; Zeph 2:11), one might translate “his awesome acts are beyond human comprehension” or “his awesome acts are superior to anything men can do.”

[66:6]  ⁴ sn He turned the sea into dry land. The psalmist alludes to Israel’s crossing the Red Sea (Exod 14:21).

[66:6]  ⁵ tn Because of the reference to “the river,” some understand this as an allusion to Israel’s crossing the Jordan River. However, the Hebrew term נָהָר (nahad) does not always refer to a “river” in the technical sense; it can be used of sea currents (see Jonah 2:4). So this line may also refer to the Red Sea crossing (cf. NEB).

[66:6]  ⁶ tn The adverb שָׁם (sham, “there”) is used here, as often in poetic texts, to point “to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination” (BDB 1027 s.v.).

[74:13]  ⁷ tn The derivation and meaning of the Polel verb form פּוֹרַרְתָּ (porarta) are uncertain. The form may be related to an Akkadian cognate meaning “break, shatter,” though the biblical Hebrew cognate of this verb always appears in the Hiphil or Hophal stem. BDB 830 s.v. II פָּרַר suggests a homonym here, meaning “to split; to divide.” A Hitpolel form of a root פָּרַר (parar) appears in Isa 24:19 with the meaning “to shake violently.”

[74:13]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew text has the plural form, “sea monsters” (cf. NRSV “dragons”), but it is likely that an original enclitic mem has been misunderstood as a plural ending. The imagery of the mythological sea monster is utilized here. See the note on “Leviathan” in v. 14.

[106:9]  ⁹ tn Or “rebuked.”

[106:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “hand.”

[106:10]  ¹¹ tn Or “redeemed.”

[106:10]  ¹² tn Heb “hand.”

[106:11]  ¹³ tn Heb “remained.”

[14:21]  ¹⁴ tn Or “drove the sea back” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV). The verb is simply the Hiphil of הָלַךְ (halakh, “to walk, go”). The context requires that it be interpreted along the lines of “go back, go apart.”

[14:22]  ¹⁵ tn The clause literally reads, “and the waters [were] for them a wall.” The word order in Hebrew is disjunctive, with the vav (ו) on the noun introducing a circumstantial clause.

[14:22]  sn S. R. Driver (Exodus, 119), still trying to explain things with natural explanations, suggests that a northeast wind is to be thought of (an east wind would be directly in their face he says), such as a shallow ford might cooperate with an ebb tide in keeping a passage clear. He then quotes Dillmann about the “wall” of water: “A very summary poetical and hyperbolical (xv. 8) description of the occurrence, which at most can be pictured as the drying up of a shallow ford, on both sides of which the basin of the sea was much deeper, and remained filled with water.” There is no way to “water down” the text to fit natural explanations; the report clearly shows a miraculous work of God making a path through the sea – a path that had to be as wide as half a mile in order for the many people and their animals to cross between about 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. (W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:389). The text does not say that they actually only started across in the morning watch, however.

[63:12]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “who caused to go at the right hand of Moses the arm of his splendor.”

[63:12]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “making for himself a lasting name.”

[63:13]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “in the desert [or “steppe”].”