Proverbs 15:12

15:12 The scorner does not love ¹  one who corrects him; ² 

he will not go to ³  the wise.

Genesis 19:8-9

19:8 Look, I have two daughters who have never had sexual relations with ⁴  a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do to them whatever you please. ⁵  Only don’t do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection ⁶  of my roof.” ⁷ 

19:9 “Out of our way!” ⁸  they cried, and “This man came to live here as a foreigner, ⁹  and now he dares to judge us! ¹⁰  We’ll do more harm ¹¹  to you than to them!” They kept ¹²  pressing in on Lot until they were close enough ¹³  to break down the door.

Genesis 19:1

The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

19:1 The two angels came to Sodom in the evening while ¹⁴  Lot was sitting in the city’s gateway. ¹⁵  When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face toward the ground.

Acts 18:17

18:17 So they all seized Sosthenes, the president of the synagogue, ¹⁶  and began to beat ¹⁷  him in front of the judgment seat. ¹⁸  Yet none of these things were of any concern ¹⁹  to Gallio.

Acts 21:20

21:20 When they heard this, they praised ²⁰  God. Then they said to him, “You see, brother, how many thousands of Jews ²¹  there are who have believed, and they are all ardent observers ²²  of the law. ²³ 

Acts 22:24

22:24 the commanding officer ²⁴  ordered Paul ²⁵  to be brought back into the barracks. ²⁶  He told them ²⁷  to interrogate Paul ²⁸  by beating him with a lash ²⁹  so that he could find out the reason the crowd ³⁰  was shouting at Paul ³¹  in this way.

Acts 22:27

22:27 So the commanding officer ³²  came and asked ³³  Paul, ³⁴  “Tell me, are you a Roman citizen?” ³⁵  He replied, ³⁶  “Yes.”

Acts 22:2

22:2 (When they heard ³⁷  that he was addressing ³⁸  them in Aramaic, ³⁹  they became even ⁴⁰  quieter.) ⁴¹  Then ⁴²  Paul said,

Acts 24:20-22

24:20 Or these men here ⁴³  should tell what crime ⁴⁴  they found me guilty of ⁴⁵  when I stood before the council, ⁴⁶  24:21 other than ⁴⁷  this one thing ⁴⁸  I shouted out while I stood before ⁴⁹  them: ‘I am on trial before you today concerning the resurrection of the dead.’” ⁵⁰ 

24:22 Then Felix, ⁵¹  who understood the facts ⁵²  concerning the Way ⁵³  more accurately, ⁵⁴  adjourned their hearing, ⁵⁵  saying, “When Lysias the commanding officer comes down, I will decide your case.” ⁵⁶ 

Acts 24:2

24:2 When Paul ⁵⁷  had been summoned, Tertullus began to accuse him, ⁵⁸  saying, “We have experienced a lengthy time ⁵⁹  of peace through your rule, ⁶⁰  and reforms ⁶¹  are being made in this nation ⁶²  through your foresight. ⁶³ 

Acts 25:15-16

25:15 When I was in Jerusalem, ⁶⁴  the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed ⁶⁵  me about him, ⁶⁶  asking for a sentence of condemnation ⁶⁷  against him. 25:16 I answered them ⁶⁸  that it was not the custom of the Romans to hand over anyone ⁶⁹  before the accused had met his accusers face to face ⁷⁰  and had been given ⁷¹  an opportunity to make a defense against the accusation. ⁷² 

Acts 1:16

1:16 “Brothers, ⁷³  the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through ⁷⁴  David concerning Judas – who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus –

[15:12]  ¹ sn This is an understatement, the opposite being intended (a figure called tapeinosis). A scorner rejects any efforts to reform him.

[15:12]  ² tn The form הוֹכֵחַ (hokheakh) is a Hiphil infinitive absolute. It could function as the object of the verb (cf. NIV, NRSV) or as a finite verb (cf. KJV, NASB, NLT). The latter has been chosen here because of the prepositional phrase following it, although that is not a conclusive argument.

[15:12]  ³ tc The MT has אֶל (’el, “to [the wise]”), suggesting seeking the advice of the wise. The LXX, however, has “with the wise,” suggesting אֶת (’et).

[19:8]  ⁴ tn Heb “who have not known.” Here this expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.

[19:8]  ⁵ tn Heb “according to what is good in your eyes.”

[19:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “shadow.”

[19:8]  ⁷ sn This chapter portrays Lot as a hypocrite. He is well aware of the way the men live in his city and is apparently comfortable in the midst of it. But when confronted by the angels, he finally draws the line. But he is nevertheless willing to sacrifice his daughters’ virginity to protect his guests. His opposition to the crowds leads to his rejection as a foreigner by those with whom he had chosen to live. The one who attempted to rescue his visitors ends up having to be rescued by them.

[19:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “approach out there” which could be rendered “Get out of the way, stand back!”

[19:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “to live as a resident alien.”

[19:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he has judged, judging.” The infinitive absolute follows the finite verbal form for emphasis. This emphasis is reflected in the translation by the phrase “dares to judge.”

[19:9]  ¹⁰ tn The verb “to do wickedly” is repeated here (see v. 7). It appears that whatever “wickedness” the men of Sodom had intended to do to Lot’s visitors – probably nothing short of homosexual rape – they were now ready to inflict on Lot.

[19:9]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and they pressed against the man, against Lot, exceedingly.”

[19:9]  ¹² tn Heb “and they drew near.”

[19:1]  ¹⁰ tn The disjunctive clause is temporal here, indicating what Lot was doing at the time of their arrival.

[19:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “sitting in the gate of Sodom.” The phrase “the gate of Sodom” has been translated “the city’s gateway” for stylistic reasons.

[18:17]  ¹³ tn That is, “the official in charge of the synagogue”; ἀρχισυνάγωγος (arcisunagwgo") refers to the “leader/president of a synagogue” (so BDAG 139 s.v. and L&N 53.93).

[18:17]  ¹⁴ tn The imperfect verb ἔτυπτον (etupton) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.

[18:17]  ¹⁵ sn See the note on the term judgment seat in 18:12.

[18:17]  ¹⁶ tn L&N 25.223 has “‘none of these things were of any concern to Gallio’ Ac 18:17.”

[21:20]  ¹⁶ tn Or “glorified.”

[21:20]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “how many thousands there are among the Jews.”

[21:20]  ¹⁸ tn Or “are all zealous for the law.” BDAG 427 s.v. ζηλωτής 1.a.β has “of thing…τοῦ νόμου an ardent observer of the law Ac 21:20.”

[21:20]  ¹⁹ sn That is, the law of Moses. These Jewish Christians had remained close to their Jewish practices after becoming believers (1 Cor 7:18-19; Acts 16:3).

[22:24]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

[22:24]  ²⁰ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ²¹ tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”

[22:24]  ²² tn Grk “into the barracks, saying.” This is a continuation of the same sentence in Greek using the participle εἴπας (eipas), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence a new sentence was begun in the translation here. The direct object “them” has been supplied; it is understood in Greek.

[22:24]  ²³ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ²⁴ sn To interrogate Paul by beating him with a lash. Under the Roman legal system it was customary to use physical torture to extract confessions or other information from prisoners who were not Roman citizens and who were charged with various crimes, especially treason or sedition. The lashing would be done with a whip of leather thongs with pieces of metal or bone attached to the ends.

[22:24]  ²⁵ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ²⁶ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:27]  ²² tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:27]  ²³ tn Grk “and said to.”

[22:27]  ²⁴ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:27]  ²⁵ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:27]  ²⁶ tn Grk “He said.”

[22:2]  ²⁵ tn ἀκούσαντες (akousante") has been taken temporally.

[22:2]  ²⁶ tn Or “spoke out to.” L&N 33.27 has “to address an audience, with possible emphasis upon loudness – ‘to address, to speak out to.’ πολλῆς δέ σιγῆς γενομένης προσεφώνησεν τῇ ᾿Εβραίδι διαλέκτῳ ‘when they were quiet, he addressed them in Hebrew’ Ac 21:40.”

[22:2]  ²⁷ tn Grk “in the Hebrew language.” See the note on “Aramaic” in 21:40.

[22:2]  ²⁸ tn BDAG 613-14 s.v. μᾶλλον 1 “Abs. μ. can mean to a greater degree (than before), even more, now more than ever Lk 5:15; Jn 5:18; 19:8; Ac 5:14; 22:2; 2 Cor 7:7.”

[22:2]  ²⁹ tn BDAG 440 s.v. ἡσυχία 2 has “παρέχειν ἡσυχίαν quiet down, give a hearing…Ac 22:2.”

[22:2]  ³⁰ tn Grk “and.” Since this represents a continuation of the speech begun in v. 1, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the logical sequence.

[24:20]  ²⁸ tn Grk “these [men] themselves.”

[24:20]  ²⁹ tn Or “unrighteous act.”

[24:20]  ³⁰ tn The words “me guilty of” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. L&N 88.23 has “αὐτοὶ οὗτοι εἰπάτωσαν τί εὗρον ἀδίκημα στάντος μου ‘let these men themselves tell what unrighteous act they found me guilty of’ Ac 24:20.”

[24:20]  ³¹ tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[24:21]  ³¹ tn BDAG 433 s.v. ἤ 2.c has “οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἤ nothing else than…Ac 17:21. τί…ἤ what other…than…24:21.”

[24:21]  ³² tn Grk “one utterance.”

[24:21]  ³³ tn Cf. BDAG 327 s.v. ἐν 1.e, which has “before, in the presence of, etc.”

[24:21]  ³⁴ sn The resurrection of the dead. Paul’s point was, what crime was there in holding this religious belief?

[24:22]  ³⁴ sn See the note on Antonius Felix in 23:24.

[24:22]  ³⁵ tn Grk “the things.”

[24:22]  ³⁶ tn That is, concerning Christianity.

[24:22]  ³⁷ tn BDAG 39 s.v. ἀκριβῶς has “Comp. ἀκριβέστερον more exactly…ἀ. ἐκτίθεσθαι explain more exactly Ac 18:26, cp. 23:15, 20; also more accurately…24:22.” Felix knew more about the Christian movement than what the Jewish leaders had told him.

[24:22]  ³⁸ tn L&N 56.18 s.v. ἀναβάλλω has “to adjourn a court proceeding until a later time – ‘to adjourn a hearing, to stop a hearing and put it off until later.’…‘then Felix, who was well informed about the Way, adjourned their hearing’ Ac 24:22.”

[24:22]  ³⁹ tn BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω 2 states, “to make a judicial decision, decide/hear (a case)…τὰ καθ᾿ ὑμᾶς decide your case Ac 24:22.”

[24:2]  ³⁷ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[24:2]  ³⁸ tn Or “began to bring charges, saying.”

[24:2]  ³⁹ tn Grk “experienced much peace.”

[24:2]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “through you” (“rule” is implied).

[24:2]  ⁴¹ tn This term is used only once in the NT (a hapax legomenon). It refers to improvements in internal administration (BDAG 251 s.v. διόρθωμα).

[24:2]  ⁴² tn Or “being made for this people.”

[24:2]  ⁴³ sn References to peaceful rule, reforms, and the governor’s foresight in the opening address by Tertullus represent an attempt to praise the governor and thus make him favorable to the case. Actual descriptions of his rule portray him as inept (Tacitus, Annals 12.54; Josephus, J. W. 2.13.2-7 [2.253-270]).

[25:15]  ⁴⁰ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[25:15]  ⁴¹ tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “to convey a formal report about a judicial matter, present evidence, bring charges…ἐ. περί τινος concerning someone 25:15.”

[25:15]  ⁴² tn Grk “about whom.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a personal pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence started in the translation at the beginning of v. 15 (where the phrase περὶ οὗ [peri Jou] occurs in the Greek text).

[25:15]  ⁴³ tn BDAG 516 s.v. καταδίκη states, “condemnation, sentence of condemnation, conviction, guilty verdict…αἰτεῖσθαι κατά τινος κ. ask for a conviction of someone Ac 25:15.”

[25:16]  ⁴³ tn Grk “to whom I answered.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a personal pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence started in the translation at the beginning of v. 16.

[25:16]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “any man.” This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos).

[25:16]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “has met his accusers in person.”

[25:16]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “and receives.”

[25:16]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “indictment” (a legal technical term). BDAG 273-74 s.v. ἔγκλημα 1 states, “legal t.t.…ἀπολογία περὶ τοῦ ἐ. defense against the accusation Ac 25:16.” L&N 56.6 defines ἔγκλημα (enklhma) as “(a technical, legal term) a formal indictment or accusation brought against someone – ‘indictment, accusation, case.’ …‘and might receive an opportunity for a defense against the indictment’ Ac 25:16.”

[1:16]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “Men brothers.” In light of the compound phrase ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (andre" adelfoi, “Men brothers”) Peter’s words are best understood as directly addressed to the males present, possibly referring specifically to the twelve (really ten at this point – eleven minus the speaker, Peter) mentioned by name in v. 13.

[1:16]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “foretold by the mouth of.”