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Kejadian 1:5-10

Konteks
1:5 God called 1  the light “day” and the darkness 2  “night.” There was evening, and there was morning, marking the first day. 3 

1:6 God said, “Let there be an expanse 4  in the midst of the waters and let it separate water 5  from water. 1:7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. 6  It was so. 7  1:8 God called the expanse “sky.” 8  There was evening, and there was morning, a second day.

1:9 God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place 9  and let dry ground appear.” 10  It was so. 1:10 God called the dry ground “land” 11  and the gathered waters he called “seas.” God saw that it was good.

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[1:5]  1 tn Heb “he called to,” meaning “he named.”

[1:5]  sn God called. Seven times in this chapter naming or blessing follows some act of creation. There is clearly a point being made beyond the obvious idea of naming. In the Babylonian creation story Enuma Elish, naming is equal to creating. In the Bible the act of naming, like creating, can be an indication of sovereignty (see 2 Kgs 23:34). In this verse God is sovereign even over the darkness.

[1:5]  2 tn Heb “and the darkness he called night.” The words “he called” have not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:5]  3 tn Another option is to translate, “Evening came, and then morning came.” This formula closes the six days of creation. It seems to follow the Jewish order of reckoning time: from evening to morning. Day one started with the dark, continued through the creation of light, and ended with nightfall. Another alternative would be to translate, “There was night and then there was day, one day.”

[1:5]  sn The first day. The exegetical evidence suggests the word “day” in this chapter refers to a literal twenty-four hour day. It is true that the word can refer to a longer period of time (see Isa 61:2, or the idiom in 2:4, “in the day,” that is, “when”). But this chapter uses “day,” “night,” “morning,” “evening,” “years,” and “seasons.” Consistency would require sorting out how all these terms could be used to express ages. Also, when the Hebrew word יוֹם (yom) is used with a numerical adjective, it refers to a literal day. Furthermore, the commandment to keep the sabbath clearly favors this interpretation. One is to work for six days and then rest on the seventh, just as God did when he worked at creation.

[1:6]  4 tn The Hebrew word refers to an expanse of air pressure between the surface of the sea and the clouds, separating water below from water above. In v. 8 it is called “sky.”

[1:6]  sn An expanse. In the poetic texts the writers envision, among other things, something rather strong and shiny, no doubt influencing the traditional translation “firmament” (cf. NRSV “dome”). Job 37:18 refers to the skies poured out like a molten mirror. Dan 12:3 and Ezek 1:22 portray it as shiny. The sky or atmosphere may have seemed like a glass dome. For a detailed study of the Hebrew conception of the heavens and sky, see L. I. J. Stadelmann, The Hebrew Conception of the World (AnBib), 37-60.

[1:6]  5 tn Heb “the waters from the waters.”

[1:7]  6 tn Heb “the expanse.”

[1:7]  7 tn This statement indicates that it happened the way God designed it, underscoring the connection between word and event.

[1:8]  8 tn Though the Hebrew word can mean “heaven,” it refers in this context to “the sky.”

[1:9]  9 sn Let the water…be gathered to one place. In the beginning the water covered the whole earth; now the water was to be restricted to an area to form the ocean. The picture is one of the dry land as an island with the sea surrounding it. Again the sovereignty of God is revealed. Whereas the pagans saw the sea as a force to be reckoned with, God controls the boundaries of the sea. And in the judgment at the flood he will blur the boundaries so that chaos returns.

[1:9]  10 tn When the waters are collected to one place, dry land emerges above the surface of the receding water.

[1:10]  11 tn Heb “earth,” but here the term refers to the dry ground as opposed to the sea.



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