Kisah Para Rasul 28:3-9

28:3 When Paul had gathered a bundle of brushwood ¹  and was putting it on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and fastened itself on his hand. 28:4 When the local people ²  saw the creature hanging from Paul’s ³  hand, they said to one another, “No doubt this man is a murderer! Although he has escaped from the sea, Justice herself ⁴  has not allowed him to live!” ⁵  28:5 However, ⁶  Paul ⁷  shook ⁸  the creature off into the fire and suffered no harm. 28:6 But they were expecting that he was going to swell up ⁹  or suddenly drop dead. So after they had waited ¹⁰  a long time and had seen ¹¹  nothing unusual happen ¹²  to him, they changed their minds ¹³  and said he was a god. ¹⁴ 

28:7 Now in the region around that place ¹⁵  were fields belonging to the chief official ¹⁶  of the island, named Publius, who welcomed us and entertained us hospitably as guests for three days. 28:8 The father ¹⁷  of Publius lay sick in bed, suffering from fever and dysentery. Paul went in to see him ¹⁸  and after praying, placed ¹⁹  his hands on him and healed ²⁰  him. 28:9 After this had happened, many of the people on the island who were sick ²¹  also came and were healed. ²² 

[28:3]  ¹ tn Or “sticks.”

[28:4]  ² tn Although this is literally βάρβαροι (barbaroi; “foreigners, barbarians”) used for non-Greek or non-Romans, as BDAG 166 s.v. βάρβαρος 2.b notes, “Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone…).”

[28:4]  ³ tn Grk “his”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[28:4]  ⁴ tn That is, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live. BDAG 250 s.v. δίκη 2 states, “Justice personified as a deity Ac 28:4”; L&N 12.27, “a goddess who personifies justice in seeking out and punishing the guilty – ‘the goddess Justice.’ ἡ δίκη ζῆν οὐκ εἴασεν ‘the goddess Justice would not let him live’ Ac 28:4.” Although a number of modern English translations have rendered δίκη (dikh) “justice,” preferring to use an abstraction, in the original setting it is almost certainly a reference to a pagan deity. In the translation, the noun “justice” was capitalized and the reflexive pronoun “herself” was supplied to make the personification clear. This was considered preferable to supplying a word like ‘goddess’ in connection with δίκη.

[28:4]  ⁵ sn The entire scene is played out initially as a kind of oracle from the gods resulting in the judgment of a guilty person (Justice herself has not allowed him to live). Paul’s survival of this incident without ill effects thus spoke volumes about his innocence.

[28:5]  ⁶ tn BDAG 737 s.v. οὖν 4 indicates the particle has an adversative sense here: “but, however.”

[28:5]  ⁷ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[28:5]  ⁸ tn Grk “shaking the creature off…he suffered no harm.” The participle ἀποτινάξας (apotinaxa") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[28:6]  ⁹ tn Or “going to burn with fever.” According to BDAG 814 s.v. πίμπρημι, either meaning (“swell up” or “burn with fever”) is possible for Acts 28:6.

[28:6]  ¹⁰ tn The participle προσδοκώντων (prosdokwntwn) has been taken temporally.

[28:6]  ¹¹ tn The participle θεωρούντων (qewrountwn) has been taken temporally.

[28:6]  ¹² tn Grk “happening.” The participle γινόμενον (ginomenon) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[28:6]  ¹³ tn Grk “changing their minds.” The participle μεταβαλόμενοι (metabalomenoi) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[28:6]  ¹⁴ sn And said he was a god. The reaction is like Acts 14:11-19 where the crowd wanted to make Paul and Barnabas into gods. The providence of God had protected Paul again.

[28:7]  ¹⁵ tn BDAG 798 s.v. περί 2.a.γ states, “of nearby places…τὰ περὶ τὸν τὸπον the region around the place Ac 28:7.” The presence of ἐκεῖνον (ekeinon) results in the translation “that place.”

[28:7]  ¹⁶ tn That is, the chief Roman official. Several inscriptions have confirmed the use of πρῶτος (prwtos) as an administrative title used on the island of Malta for the highest Roman official. See further BDAG 852 s.v. Πόπλιος.

[28:8]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “It happened that the father.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[28:8]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “to whom Paul going in.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by a personal pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence begun here in the translation. The participle εἰσελθών (eiselqwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[28:8]  ¹⁹ tn The participle ἐπιθείς (epiqeis) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[28:8]  ²⁰ sn And healed him. Here are healings like Luke 9:40; 10:30; 13:13; Acts 16:23.

[28:9]  ²¹ tn BDAG 142 s.v. ἀσθένεια 1 states, “ἔχειν ἀ. be ill Ac 28:9.”

[28:9]  ²² sn Many…also came and were healed. Again, here is irony. Paul, though imprisoned, “frees” others of their diseases.