Keluaran 25:7

25:7 onyx stones, and other gems to be set in the ephod and in the breastpiece.

Keluaran 29:26-27

29:26 You are to take the breast of the ram of Aaron’s consecration; you are to wave it as a wave offering before the Lord, and it is to be your share. 29:27 You are to sanctify the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution, ¹  which were waved and lifted up as a contribution from the ram of consecration, from what belongs to Aaron and to his sons.

Keluaran 28:26

28:26 You are to make two rings of gold and put them on the other ²  two ends of the breastpiece, on its edge that is on the inner side of the ephod.

Keluaran 39:19

39:19 They made two rings of gold and put them on the other ³  two ends of the breastpiece on its edge, which is on the inner side of the ephod. ⁴ 

Keluaran 28:15

28:15 “You are to make a breastpiece for use in making decisions, ⁵  the work of an artistic designer; you are to make it in the same fashion as the ephod; you are to make it of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen.

Keluaran 28:4

28:4 Now these are the garments that they are to make: a breastpiece, ⁶  an ephod, ⁷  a robe, a fitted ⁸  tunic, a turban, and a sash. They are to make holy garments for your brother Aaron and for his sons, that they may minister as my priests.

Keluaran 28:23

28:23 and you are to make for the breastpiece two gold rings and attach ⁹  the two rings to the upper ¹⁰  two ends of the breastpiece.

Keluaran 35:9

35:9 onyx stones, and other gems ¹¹  for mounting ¹²  on the ephod and the breastpiece.

Keluaran 28:28

28:28 They are to tie the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the ephod by blue cord, so that it may be above the waistband of the ephod, and so that the breastpiece will not be loose from the ephod.

Keluaran 35:27

35:27 The leaders brought onyx stones and other gems to be mounted ¹³  for the ephod and the breastpiece,

Keluaran 28:22

28:22 “You are to make for the breastpiece braided chains like cords of pure gold,

Keluaran 39:16

39:16 and they made two gold filigree settings and two gold rings, and they attached the two rings to the upper ¹⁴  two ends of the breastpiece.

Keluaran 39:15

39:15 They made for the breastpiece braided chains like cords of pure gold,

Keluaran 39:21

39:21 They tied the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the ephod by blue cord, so that it was above the waistband of the ephod, so that the breastpiece would not be loose from the ephod, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.

Keluaran 28:24

28:24 You are to attach the two gold chains to the two rings at the ends of the breastpiece;

Keluaran 39:17

39:17 They attached the two gold chains to the two rings at the ends of the breastpiece;

Keluaran 39:8

The Breastpiece of Decision

39:8 He made the breastpiece, the work of an artistic designer, in the same fashion as the ephod, of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet, and fine twisted linen.

Keluaran 4:6

4:6 The Lord also said to him, “Put your hand into your robe.” ¹⁵  So he put his hand into his robe, and when he brought it out – there was his hand, ¹⁶  leprous like snow! ¹⁷ 

Keluaran 29:5

29:5 and take the garments and clothe Aaron with the tunic, ¹⁸  the robe of the ephod, the ephod, and the breastpiece; you are to fasten the ephod on him by using the skillfully woven waistband. ¹⁹ 

Keluaran 39:9

39:9 It was square – they made the breastpiece doubled, nine inches long and nine inches wide when doubled.

Keluaran 28:30

28:30 “You are to put the Urim and the Thummim ²⁰  into the breastpiece of decision; and they are to be over Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the Lord. Aaron is to bear the decisions ²¹  of the Israelites over his heart before the Lord continually.

Keluaran 28:29

28:29 Aaron will bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of decision over his heart ²²  when he goes into the holy place, for a memorial before the Lord continually.

Keluaran 39:10

39:10 They set on it ²³  four rows of stones: a row with a ruby, a topaz, and a beryl – the first row;

Keluaran 4:7

4:7 He said, “Put your hand back into your robe.” So he put his hand back into his robe, and when he brought it out from his robe – there it was, ²⁴  restored ²⁵  like the rest of his skin! ²⁶ 

Keluaran 28:16

28:16 It is to be square ²⁷  when ²⁸  doubled, nine inches ²⁹  long and nine inches wide.

Keluaran 25:1

The Materials for the Sanctuary

25:1 ³⁰ The Lord spoke to Moses:

Keluaran 28:17

28:17 You are to set in it a setting for stones, four rows of stones, a row with a ruby, a topaz, and a beryl – the first row;

Keluaran 39:18

39:18 the other ³¹  two ends of the two chains they attached to the two settings, and they attached them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front of it.

Keluaran 39:28

39:28 and the turban of fine linen, the headbands of fine linen, and the undergarments of fine twisted linen.

Keluaran 28:25

28:25 the other ³²  two ends of the two chains you will attach to the two settings and then attach them ³³  to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front of it.

Keluaran 29:28

29:28 It is to belong to Aaron and to his sons from the Israelites, by a perpetual ordinance, for it is a contribution. It is to be a contribution from the Israelites from their peace offerings, their contribution to the Lord.

Keluaran 35:5

35:5 ‘Take ³⁴  an offering for the Lord. Let everyone who has a willing heart ³⁵  bring ³⁶  an offering to the Lord: ³⁷  gold, silver, bronze,

[29:27]  ¹ sn These are the two special priestly offerings: the wave offering (from the verb “to wave”) and the “presentation offering” (older English: heave offering; from a verb “to be high,” in Hiphil meaning “to lift up,” an item separated from the offering, a contribution). The two are then clarified with two corresponding relative clauses containing two Hophals: “which was waved and which was presented.” In making sacrifices, the breast and the thigh belong to the priests.

[28:26]  ² tn Here “other” has been supplied.

[39:19]  ³ tn Here “other” has been supplied.

[39:19]  ⁴ tn Heb “homeward side.”

[28:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “a breastpiece of decision” (חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט, khoshen mishpat; so NAB). The first word, rendered “breastpiece,” is of uncertain etymology. This item was made of material similar to the ephod. It had four rows of three gems on it, bearing the names of the tribes. In it were the urim and thummim. J. P. Hyatt refers to a similar object found in the Egyptian reliefs, including even the twisted gold chains used to hang it from the priest (Exodus [NCBC], 282).

[28:4]  ⁶ sn The breastpiece seems to have been a pouch of sorts or to have had a pocket, since it was folded in some way (28:16; 39:9) and contained the Urim and Thummim (Exod 28:30; Lev 8:8).

[28:4]  ⁷ sn The word “ephod” is taken over directly from Hebrew, because no one knows how to translate it, nor is there agreement about its design. It refers here to a garment worn by the priests, but the word can also refer to some kind of image for a god (Judg 8:27).

[28:4]  ⁸ tn The word תָּשְׁבֵּץ (tashbets), which describes the tunic and which appears only in this verse, is related to a verb (also rare) of the same root in 28:39 that describes making the tunic. Their meaning is uncertain (see the extended discussion in C. Houtman, Exodus, 3:473-75). A related noun describes gold fasteners and the “settings,” or “mountings,” for precious stones (28:11, 13, 14, 20, 25; 36:18; 39:6, 13, 16, 18; cf. Ps 45:14). The word “fitted” in 28:4 reflects the possibility that “the tunic is to be shaped by sewing, … so that it will fit tightly around the body” (C. Houtman, Exodus, 3:475).

[28:23]  ⁹ tn Heb “give, put.”

[28:23]  ¹⁰ tn Here “upper” has been supplied.

[35:9]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and stones.”

[35:9]  ¹² tn Heb “filling.”

[35:27]  ¹³ tn Heb “and stones of the filling.”

[39:16]  ¹⁴ tn Here “upper” has been supplied.

[4:6]  ¹⁵ tn The word חֵיק (kheq), often rendered “bosom,” refers to the front of the chest and a fold in the garment there where an item could be placed for carrying (see Prov 6:27; 16:33; 21:14). So “into your robe” should be understood loosely here and in v. 7 as referring to the inside of the top front of Moses’ garment. The inside chest pocket of a jacket is a rough modern equivalent.

[4:6]  ¹⁶ tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) points out the startling or amazing sight as if the reader were catching first glimpse of it with Moses.

[4:6]  ¹⁷ sn This sudden skin disease indicated that God was able to bring such diseases on Egypt in the plagues and that only he could remove them. The whitening was the first stage of death for the diseased (Num 12:10; 2 Kgs 5:27). The Hebrew words traditionally rendered “leprous” or “leprosy,” as they are used in Lev 13 and 14, encompass a variety of conditions, not limited to the disease called leprosy and identified as Hansen’s disease in modern times.

[29:5]  ¹⁸ tn The Hiphil of לָבַשׁ (lavash, “to clothe”) will take double accusatives; so the sign of the accusative is with Aaron, and then with the articles of clothing. The translation will have to treat Aaron as the direct object and the articles as indirect objects, because Aaron receives the prominence in the verse – you will clothe Aaron.

[29:5]  ¹⁹ tn The verb used in this last clause is a denominative verb from the word for ephod. And so “ephod the ephod on him” means “fasten as an ephod the ephod on him” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 316).

[28:30]  ²⁰ sn The Urim and the Thummim were two objects intended for determining the divine will. There is no clear evidence of their size or shape or the material of which they were made, but they seem to have been familiar items to Moses and the people. The best example of their use comes from 1 Sam 14:36-42. Some have suggested from the etymologies that they were light and dark objects respectively, perhaps stones or sticks or some other object. They seem to have fallen out of use after the Davidic period when the prophetic oracles became popular. It may be that the title “breastpiece of judgment” indicates that these objects were used for making “decisions” (J. P. Hyatt, Exodus [NCBC], 283-84). U. Cassuto has the most thorough treatment of the subject (Exodus, 378-82); he lists several very clear rules for their uses gathered from their instances in the Bible, including that they were a form of sacred lot, that priests or leaders of the people only could use them, and that they were used for discovering the divine will in areas that were beyond human knowledge.

[28:30]  ²¹ tn Or “judgment” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV). The term is מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat), the same word that describes the breastpiece that held the two objects. Here it is translated “decisions” since the Urim and Thummim contained in the breastpiece represented the means by which the Lord made decisions for the Israelites. The high priest bore the responsibility of discerning the divine will on matters of national importance.

[28:29]  ²² sn So Aaron will have the names of the tribes on his shoulders (v. 12) which bear the weight and symbol of office (see Isa 9:6; 22:22), and over his heart (implying that they have a constant place in his thoughts [Deut 6:6]). Thus he was to enter the presence of God as the nation’s representative, ever mindful of the nation’s interests, and ever bringing the remembrance of it before God (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 306).

[39:10]  ²³ tn That is, they set in mountings.

[4:7]  ²⁴ tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) points out the startling or amazing sight as if the reader were catching first glimpse of it with Moses.

[4:7]  ²⁵ tn Heb “it returned.”

[4:7]  ²⁶ tn Heb “like his flesh.”

[28:16]  ²⁷ tn Heb “four.”

[28:16]  ²⁸ tn “when” is added for clarification (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 375).

[28:16]  ²⁹ tn The word זֶרֶת (zeret) is half a cubit; it is often translated “span.”

[25:1]  ³⁰ sn Now begin the detailed instructions for constructing the tabernacle of Yahweh, with all its furnishings. The first paragraph introduces the issue of the heavenly pattern for the construction, calls for the people to make willing offerings (vv. 2-7), and explains the purpose for these offerings (vv. 8-9). The message here is that God calls his people to offer of their substance willingly so that his sanctuary may be made.

[39:18]  ³¹ tn Here “other” has been supplied.

[28:25]  ³² tn Here “the other” has been supplied.

[28:25]  ³³ tn Here “them” has been supplied.

[35:5]  ³⁴ tn Heb “from with you.”

[35:5]  ³⁵ tn “Heart” is a genitive of specification, clarifying in what way they might be “willing.” The heart refers to their will, their choices.

[35:5]  ³⁶ tn The verb has a suffix that is the direct object, but the suffixed object is qualified by the second accusative: “let him bring it, an offering.”

[35:5]  ³⁷ tn The phrase is literally “the offering of Yahweh”; it could be a simple possessive, “Yahweh’s offering,” but a genitive that indicates the indirect object is more appropriate.