Kejadian 10:15

10:15 Canaan was the father of ¹  Sidon his firstborn, ²  Heth, ³ 

Kejadian 23:2

23:2 Then she ⁴  died in Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan. Abraham went to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her. ⁵ 

Kejadian 28:8

28:8 Then Esau realized ⁶  that the Canaanite women ⁷  were displeasing to ⁸  his father Isaac.

Kejadian 37:1

Joseph’s Dreams

37:1 But Jacob lived in the land where his father had stayed, ⁹  in the land of Canaan. ¹⁰ 

Kejadian 10:18

10:18 Arvadites, ¹¹  Zemarites, ¹²  and Hamathites. ¹³  Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered

Kejadian 9:26

9:26 He also said,

“Worthy of praise is ¹⁴  the Lord, the God of Shem!

May Canaan be the slave of Shem! ¹⁵ 

Kejadian 9:25

9:25 So he said,

“Cursed ¹⁶  be Canaan! ¹⁷ 

The lowest of slaves ¹⁸ 

he will be to his brothers.”

Kejadian 45:25

45:25 So they went up from Egypt and came to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan. ¹⁹ 

Kejadian 12:5

12:5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew ²⁰  Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired ²¹  in Haran, and they left for ²²  the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan.

Kejadian 9:18

The Curse of Canaan

9:18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Now Ham was the father of Canaan.) ²³ 

Kejadian 9:22

9:22 Ham, the father of Canaan, ²⁴  saw his father’s nakedness ²⁵  and told his two brothers who were outside.

Kejadian 13:12

13:12 Abram settled in the land of Canaan, but Lot settled among the cities of the Jordan plain ²⁶  and pitched his tents next to Sodom.

Kejadian 35:6

35:6 Jacob and all those who were with him arrived at Luz (that is, Bethel) ²⁷  in the land of Canaan. ²⁸ 

Kejadian 36:5

36:5 and Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.

Kejadian 45:17

45:17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Say to your brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals and go ²⁹  to the land of Canaan!

Kejadian 46:10

46:10 The sons of Simeon:

Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar,

and Shaul (the son of a Canaanite woman).

Kejadian 23:19

23:19 After this Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave in the field of Machpelah next to Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan.

Kejadian 38:2

38:2 There Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man ³⁰  named Shua. ³¹  Judah acquired her as a wife ³²  and had marital relations with her. ³³ 

[10:15]  ¹ tn Heb “fathered.”

[10:15]  ² sn Sidon was the foremost city in Phoenicia; here Sidon may be the name of its founder.

[10:15]  ³ tn Some see a reference to “Hittites” here (cf. NIV), but this seems unlikely. See the note on the phrase “sons of Heth” in Gen 23:3.

[23:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “Sarah.” The proper name has been replaced in the translation by the pronoun (“she”) for stylistic reasons.

[23:2]  ⁵ sn Mourn…weep. The description here is of standard mourning rites (see K. A. Kitchen, NBD³ 149-50). They would have been carried out in the presence of the corpse, probably in Sarah’s tent. So Abraham came in to mourn; then he rose up to go and bury his dead (v. 3).

[28:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “saw.”

[28:8]  ⁷ tn Heb “the daughters of Canaan.”

[28:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “evil in the eyes of.”

[37:1]  ⁹ tn Heb “the land of the sojournings of his father.”

[37:1]  ¹⁰ sn The next section begins with the heading This is the account of Jacob in Gen 37:2, so this verse actually forms part of the preceding section as a concluding contrast with Esau and his people. In contrast to all the settled and expanded population of Esau, Jacob was still moving about in the land without a permanent residence and without kings. Even if the Edomite king list was added later (as the reference to kings in Israel suggests), its placement here in contrast to Jacob and his descendants is important. Certainly the text deals with Esau before dealing with Jacob – that is the pattern. But the detail is so great in chap. 36 that the contrast cannot be missed.

[10:18]  ¹¹ sn The Arvadites lived in the city Arvad, located on an island near the mainland close to the river El Kebir.

[10:18]  ¹² sn The Zemarites lived in the town Sumur, north of Arka.

[10:18]  ¹³ sn The Hamathites lived in Hamath on the Orontes River.

[9:26]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “blessed be.”

[9:26]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “a slave to him”; the referent (Shem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:25]  ¹⁶ sn For more on the curse, see H. C. Brichto, The Problem of “Curse” in the Hebrew Bible (JBLMS), and J. Scharbert, TDOT 1:405-18.

[9:25]  ¹⁷ sn Cursed be Canaan. The curse is pronounced on Canaan, not Ham. Noah sees a problem in Ham’s character, and on the basis of that he delivers a prophecy about the future descendants who will live in slavery to such things and then be controlled by others. (For more on the idea of slavery in general, see E. M. Yamauchi, “Slaves of God,” BETS 9 [1966]: 31-49). In a similar way Jacob pronounced oracles about his sons based on their revealed character (see Gen 49).

[9:25]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a servant of servants” (עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים, ’eved ’avadim), an example of the superlative genitive. It means Canaan will become the most abject of slaves.

[45:25]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and they entered the land of Canaan to their father.”

[12:5]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the son of his brother.”

[12:5]  ²¹ tn For the semantic nuance “acquire [property]” for the verb עָשָׂה (’asah), see BDB 795 s.v. עָשָׂה.

[12:5]  ²² tn Heb “went out to go.”

[9:18]  ²³ sn The concluding disjunctive clause is parenthetical. It anticipates the following story, which explains that the Canaanites, Ham’s descendants through Canaan, were cursed because they shared the same moral abandonment that their ancestor displayed. See A. van Selms, “The Canaanites in the Book of Genesis,” OTS 12 (1958): 182-213.

[9:22]  ²⁴ sn For the second time (see v. 18) the text informs the reader of the relationship between Ham and Canaan. Genesis 10 will explain that Canaan was the ancestor of the Canaanite tribes living in the promised land.

[9:22]  ²⁵ tn Some would translate “had sexual relations with,” arguing that Ham committed a homosexual act with his drunken father for which he was cursed. However, the expression “see nakedness” usually refers to observation of another’s nakedness, not a sexual act (see Gen 42:9, 12 where “nakedness” is used metaphorically to convey the idea of “weakness” or “vulnerability”; Deut 23:14 where “nakedness” refers to excrement; Isa 47:3; Ezek 16:37; Lam 1:8). The following verse (v. 23) clearly indicates that visual observation, not a homosexual act, is in view here. In Lev 20:17 the expression “see nakedness” does appear to be a euphemism for sexual intercourse, but the context there, unlike that of Gen 9:22, clearly indicates that in that passage sexual contact is in view. The expression “see nakedness” does not in itself suggest a sexual connotation. Some relate Gen 9:22 to Lev 18:6-11, 15-19, where the expression “uncover [another’s] nakedness” (the Piel form of גָּלָה, galah) refers euphemistically to sexual intercourse. However, Gen 9:22 does not say Ham “uncovered” the nakedness of his father. According to the text, Noah uncovered himself; Ham merely saw his father naked. The point of the text is that Ham had no respect for his father. Rather than covering his father up, he told his brothers. Noah then gave an oracle that Ham’s descendants, who would be characterized by the same moral abandonment, would be cursed. Leviticus 18 describes that greater evil of the Canaanites (see vv. 24-28).

[9:22]  sn Saw the nakedness. It is hard for modern people to appreciate why seeing another’s nakedness was such an abomination, because nakedness is so prevalent today. In the ancient world, especially in a patriarchal society, seeing another’s nakedness was a major offense. (See the account in Herodotus, Histories 1.8-13, where a general saw the nakedness of his master’s wife, and one of the two had to be put to death.) Besides, Ham was not a little boy wandering into his father’s bedroom; he was over a hundred years old by this time. For fuller discussion see A. P. Ross, “The Curse of Canaan,” BSac 137 (1980): 223-40.

[13:12]  ²⁶ tn Or “the cities of the plain”; Heb “[the cities of] the circle,” referring to the “circle” or oval area of the Jordan Valley.

[35:6]  ²⁷ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[35:6]  ²⁸ tn Heb “and Jacob came to Luz which is in the land of Canaan – it is Bethel – he and all the people who were with him.”

[45:17]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and go! Enter!”

[38:2]  ³⁰ tn Heb “a man, a Canaanite.”

[38:2]  ³¹ tn Heb “and his name was Shua.”

[38:2]  ³² tn Heb “and he took her.”

[38:2]  ³³ tn Heb “and he went to her.” This expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.