Yesaya 37:24

37:24 Through your messengers you taunted the sovereign master, ¹ 

‘With my many chariots I climbed up

the high mountains,

the slopes of Lebanon.

I cut down its tall cedars

and its best evergreens.

I invaded its most remote regions, ² 

its thickest woods.

Yakobus 3:5

3:5 So too the tongue is a small part of the body, ³  yet it has great pretensions. ⁴  Think ⁵  how small a flame sets a huge forest ablaze.

Yakobus 3:2

3:2 For we all stumble ⁶  in many ways. If someone does not stumble ⁷  in what he says, ⁸  he is a perfect individual, ⁹  able to control the entire body as well.

Pengkhotbah 2:18

Futility of Being a Workaholic

2:18 So I loathed all the fruit of ¹⁰  my effort, ¹¹ 

for which I worked so hard ¹²  on earth, ¹³ 

because ¹⁴  I must leave it ¹⁵  behind ¹⁶  in the hands of my successor. ¹⁷ 

Yudas 1:16

1:16 These people are grumblers and ¹⁸  fault-finders who go ¹⁹  wherever their desires lead them, ²⁰  and they give bombastic speeches, ²¹  enchanting folks ²²  for their own gain. ²³ 

Wahyu 13:5

13:5 The beast ²⁴  was given a mouth speaking proud words ²⁵  and blasphemies, and he was permitted ²⁶  to exercise ruling authority ²⁷  for forty-two months.

[37:24]  ¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[37:24]  ² tn Heb “the height of its extremity”; ASV “its farthest height.”

[3:5]  ³ tn Grk “a small member.”

[3:5]  ⁴ tn Grk “boasts of great things.”

[3:5]  ⁵ tn Grk “Behold.”

[3:2]  ⁶ tn Or “fail.”

[3:2]  ⁷ tn Or “fail.”

[3:2]  ⁸ tn Grk “in speech.”

[3:2]  ⁹ tn The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person,” as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2).

[2:18]  ¹⁰ tn The phrase “the fruit of” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity (see the following note on the phrase “hard labor”).

[2:18]  ¹¹ tn Heb “I hated all my toil for which I had toiled.” The term עֲמָלִי (’amali, “my toil”) is repeated throughout 2:18-21. In each case, it functions as a metonymy of cause (i.e., toil) for effect (i.e., fruit of labor). See, e.g., Ps 105:44; BDB 765 s.v עָמַל 3. The metonymy is indicated by several factors: (1) The 3rd person masculine singular suffix (“it”) on אַנִּיחֶנּוּ (’annikhennu, “I must leave it”) in 2:18, and on יִתְּנֶנּוּ (yittÿnennu, “I must give it”) in 2:21 refer to his wealth, that is, the fruit of his labor. (2) In 2:21 the 3rd person masculine singular suffix on שֶׁלֹּא עָמַל־בּוֹ (shello’ ’amal-bo, “who did not work for it”) refers to the inheritance that Qoheleth must turn over to his successor, namely, the fruit of his labor. (3) While he himself enjoyed the fruit of his labor, he despaired that he had to turn the fruit of his labor over to his successor: “So I loathed all the [fruit of] my labor” (2:18a) and “I began to despair about the [fruit of] my labor” (2:20a). Although most translations render עֲמָלִי as “my toil” in 2:18, the metonymy is recognized by several English translations: “So I hated all the fruit of my labor for which I had labored” (NASB); “So I detested all the fruits of my labor” (NAB); “I hated all the things I had toiled for” (NIV); and “So I loathed all the wealth that I was gaining” (NJPS).

[2:18]  ¹² tn Qoheleth uses an internal cognate accusative construction (accusative noun and verb from the same root) for emphasis: עֲמָלִי שֶׁאֲנִי עָמֵל (’amali she’ani ’amel, “my toil for which I had toiled”). See IBHS 167 §10.2.1g.

[2:18]  ¹³ tn Heb “under the sun.”

[2:18]  ¹⁴ tn The relative pronoun שֶׁ (she) on שֶׁאַנִּיחֶנּוּ (she’annikhennu, relative pronoun שֶׁ + Hiphil imperfect 1st person common singular from נוּחַ, nuakh, “to leave” + 3rd person masculine singular suffix) is causal: “Because I must leave it behind.”

[2:18]  ¹⁵ tn The 3rd person masculine singular suffix on אַנִּיחֶנּוּ (’annikhennu, “I must leave it”) refers to Qoheleth’s wealth, that is, the fruit of his labor (see the note on the phrase “hard labor” in 2:18). The suffix is rendered literally by nearly all translations; however, a few make its referent explicit: “I have to leave its fruits” (NEB), “I must leave them [= all the fruits of my labor]” (NAB).

[2:18]  ¹⁶ tn The verb נוּחַ (nuakh, “to rest”) denotes “to leave [something] behind” in the hands of someone (e.g., Ps 119:121; Eccl 2:18); see HALOT 680 s.v. נוח B.2.c. The imperfect functions in a modal sense of obligation or necessity. At death, Qoheleth will be forced to pass on his entire estate and the fruit of his labors to his successor.

[2:18]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “to a man who will come after me.”

[1:16]  ¹⁸ tn “And” is not in Greek, but is supplied for the sake of English style.

[1:16]  ¹⁹ tn Or “going.” Though the participle is anarthrous, so also is the subject. Thus, the participle could be either adverbial or adjectival.

[1:16]  ²⁰ tn Grk “(who go/going) according to their own lusts.”

[1:16]  ²¹ tn Grk “and their mouth speaks bombastic things.”

[1:16]  sn They give bombastic speeches. The idiom of opening one’s mouth in the NT often implied a public oration from a teacher or one in authority. Cf. Matt 5:2; Luke 4:22; Acts 1:16; 3:18; 10:34; Eph 6:19; Rev 13:5-6.

[1:16]  ²² sn Enchanting folks (Grk “awing faces”) refers to the fact that the speeches of these false teachers are powerful and seductive.

[1:16]  ²³ tn Or “to their own advantage.”

[13:5]  ²⁴ tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:5]  ²⁵ tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

[13:5]  ²⁶ tn Grk “to it was granted.”

[13:5]  ²⁷ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.