Imamat 2:2

2:2 Then he must bring it to the sons of Aaron, the priests, and the priest ¹  must scoop out from there a handful of its choice wheat flour and some of its olive oil in addition to all of its frankincense, and the priest must offer its memorial portion ²  up in smoke on the altar – it is ³  a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord.

Imamat 4:20

4:20 He must do with the rest of the bull just as he did with the bull of the sin offering; this is what he must do with it. ⁴  So the priest will make atonement ⁵  on their behalf and they will be forgiven. ⁶ 

Imamat 4:35

4:35 Then the one who brought the offering ⁷  must remove all its fat (just as the fat of the sheep is removed from the peace offering sacrifice) and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord. So the priest will make atonement ⁸  on his behalf for his sin which he has committed and he will be forgiven. ⁹ 

Imamat 5:18

5:18 and must bring a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels, ¹⁰  for a guilt offering to the priest. So the priest will make atonement ¹¹  on his behalf for his error which he committed ¹²  (although he himself had not known it) and he will be forgiven. ¹³ 

Imamat 6:18

6:18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. It is a perpetual allotted portion ¹⁴  throughout your generations ¹⁵  from the gifts of the Lord. Anyone who touches these gifts ¹⁶  must be holy.’” ¹⁷ 

Imamat 7:12

7:12 If he presents it on account of thanksgiving, ¹⁸  along with the thank offering sacrifice he must present unleavened loaves mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers smeared with olive oil, ¹⁹  and well soaked ²⁰  ring-shaped loaves made of choice wheat flour ²¹  mixed with olive oil.

Imamat 8:15

8:15 and he slaughtered it. ²²  Moses then took the blood and put it all around on the horns of the altar with his finger and decontaminated the altar, ²³  and he poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar and so consecrated it to make atonement on it. ²⁴ 

Imamat 8:31

8:31 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons, “Boil the meat at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, and there you are to eat it and the bread which is in the ordination offering basket, just as I have commanded, ²⁵  saying, ‘Aaron and his sons are to eat it,’

Imamat 14:13

14:13 He must then slaughter ²⁶  the male lamb in the place where ²⁷  the sin offering ²⁸  and the burnt offering ²⁹  are slaughtered, ³⁰  in the sanctuary, because, like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; ³¹  it is most holy.

Imamat 16:21

16:21 Aaron is to lay his two hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the Israelites and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins, ³²  and thus he is to put them ³³  on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man standing ready. ³⁴ 

Imamat 22:18

22:18 “Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites and tell them, ‘When any man ³⁵  from the house of Israel or from the foreigners in Israel ³⁶  presents his offering for any of the votive or freewill offerings which they present to the Lord as a burnt offering,

Imamat 23:13

23:13 along with its grain offering, two tenths of an ephah of ³⁷  choice wheat flour ³⁸  mixed with olive oil, as a gift to the Lord, a soothing aroma, ³⁹  and its drink offering, one fourth of a hin of wine. ⁴⁰ 

Imamat 23:17

23:17 From the places where you live you must bring two loaves of ⁴¹  bread for a wave offering; they must be made from two tenths of an ephah of fine wheat flour, baked with yeast, ⁴²  as first fruits to the Lord.

Imamat 24:3

24:3 Outside the veil-canopy ⁴³  of the congregation in the Meeting Tent Aaron ⁴⁴  must arrange it from evening until morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations. ⁴⁵ 

Imamat 26:25

26:25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. ⁴⁶  Although ⁴⁷  you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you and you will be given into enemy hands. ⁴⁸ 

[2:2]  ¹ tn Heb “and he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. The syntax is strange here and might suggest that it was the offerer who scooped out a handful of the grain offering for the memorial portion (G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 66), but based on v. 9 below it should be understood that it was the priest who performed this act (see, e.g., NRSV “After taking from it a handful of the choice flour and oil…the priest shall…”; see also J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:177, 181 and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 30).

[2:2]  ² sn The “memorial portion” (אַזְכָרָה, ’azkharah) was the part of the grain offering that was burnt on the altar (see the previous clause), as opposed to the remainder, which was normally consumed by the priests (v. 3; see the full regulations in Lev 6:14-23[7-16]). It was probably intended to call to mind (i.e., memorialize) before the Lord the reason for the presentation of the particular offering (see the remarks in R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:335-39).

[2:2]  ³ tn The words “it is” have been supplied. See the notes on Lev 1:9 and 2:3. There is no text critical problem here, but the syntax suggests the same translation.

[4:20]  ⁴ sn Cf. Lev 4:11-12 above for the disposition of “the [rest of] the bull.”

[4:20]  ⁵ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[4:20]  ⁶ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to them” or “it shall be forgiven to them.”

[4:35]  ⁷ tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here “he” refers to the offerer rather than the priest (contrast the clauses before and after).

[4:35]  ⁸ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[4:35]  ⁹ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:18]  ¹⁰ tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.

[5:18]  ¹¹ sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.

[5:18]  ¹² tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.

[5:18]  ¹³ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).

[6:18]  ¹⁴ tn Or “a perpetual regulation”; cf. NASB “a permanent ordinance”; NRSV “as their perpetual due.”

[6:18]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come.”

[6:18]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “touches them”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In this context “them” must refer to the “gifts” of the Lord.

[6:18]  ¹⁷ tn Or “anyone/anything that touches them shall become holy” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:443-56). The question is whether this refers to the contagious nature of holy objects (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) or whether it simply sets forth a demand that anyone who touches the holy gifts of the Lord must be a holy person (cf. CEV). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:900-902.

[7:12]  ¹⁸ tn Or “for a thank offering.”

[7:12]  ¹⁹ tn See the notes on Lev 2:4.

[7:12]  ²⁰ tn See the note on Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT].

[7:12]  ²¹ tn Heb “choice wheat flour well soaked ring-shaped loaves.” See the note on Lev 2:1.

[8:15]  ²² sn Contrary to some English versions (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT), Aaron (not Moses) most likely slaughtered the bull, possibly with the help of his sons, although the verb is singular, not plural. Moses then performed the ritual procedures that involved direct contact with the altar. Compare the pattern in Lev 1:5-9, where the offerer does the slaughtering and the priests perform the procedures that involve direct contact with the altar. In Lev 8 Moses is functioning as the priest in order to consecrate the priesthood. The explicit reintroduction of the name of Moses as the subject of the next verb seems to reinforce this understanding of the passage (cf. also vv. 19 and 23 below).

[8:15]  ²³ tn The verb is the Piel of חָטָא (khata’, “to sin”) and means “to de-sin” the altar. This verse is important for confirming the main purpose of the sin offering, which was to decontaminate the tabernacle and its furniture from any impurities. See the note on Lev 4:3.

[8:15]  ²⁴ tn Similar to v. 10 above, “and consecrated it” refers to the effect of the blood manipulation earlier in the verse. The goal here was to consecrate the altar in order that it might become a place on which it would be appropriate “to make atonement” before the Lord.

[8:31]  ²⁵ tn Several major ancient versions have the passive form of the verb (see BHS v. 31 note c; cf. Lev 8:35; 10:13). In that case we would translate, “just as I was commanded.”

[14:13]  ²⁶ tn Heb “And he shall slaughter.”

[14:13]  ²⁷ tn Heb “in the place which.”

[14:13]  ²⁸ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[14:13]  ²⁹ sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”

[14:13]  ³⁰ tn Since the priest himself presents this offering as a wave offering (v. 12), it would seem that the offering is already in his hands and he would, therefore, be the one who slaughtered the male lamb in this instance rather than the offerer. Smr and LXX make the second verb “to slaughter” plural rather than singular, which suggests that it is to be taken as an impersonal passive (see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:852).

[14:13]  ³¹ tn Heb “the guilt offering, it [is] to the Lord.” Regarding the “guilt offering,” see the note on Lev 5:15.

[16:21]  ³² tn Heb “transgressions to all their sins.”

[16:21]  ³³ tn Heb “and he shall give them.”

[16:21]  ³⁴ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term עִתִּי (’itti) is uncertain. It is apparently related to עֵת (’et, “time”), and could perhaps mean either that he has been properly “appointed” (i.e., designated) for the task (e.g., NIV and NRSV) or “ready” (e.g., NASB and NEB).

[22:18]  ³⁵ tn Heb “Man, man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.; see the distributive repetition of the noun in GKC 395-96 §123.c).

[22:18]  ³⁶ tn Heb “and from the foreigner [singular] in Israel.” Some medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate add “who resides” after “foreigner”: “the foreigner who resides in Israel” (cf., e.g., Lev 20:2 above).

[23:13]  ³⁷ sn See the note on Lev 5:11.

[23:13]  ³⁸ sn See the note on Lev 2:1.

[23:13]  ³⁹ sn See the note on Lev 1:9.

[23:13]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “wine, one fourth of the hin.” A pre-exilic hin is about 3.6 liters (= ca. 1 quart), so one fourth of a hin would be about one cup.

[23:17]  ⁴¹ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Onq., and Tg. Ps.-J. insert the word חַלּוֹת (khallot, “loaves”; cf. Lev 2:4 and the note there). Even though “loaves” is not explicit in the MT, the number “two” suggests that these are discrete units, not just a measure of flour, so “loaves” should be assumed even in the MT.

[23:17]  ⁴² tn Heb “with leaven.” The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.

[24:3]  ⁴³ tn The Hebrew term פָּרֹכֶת (parokhet) is usually translated “veil” or “curtain,” but it seems to have stretched not only in front of but also over the top of the ark of the covenant which stood behind and under it inside the most holy place (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 3:687-89).

[24:3]  ⁴⁴ tc Several medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, and the LXX add “and his sons.”

[24:3]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “for your generations.”

[26:25]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”

[26:25]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.

[26:25]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).