Habakuk 2:13
Konteks2:13 Be sure of this! The Lord who commands armies has decreed:
The nations’ efforts will go up in smoke;
their exhausting work will be for nothing. 1
Habakuk 2:16
Konteks2:16 But you will become drunk 2 with shame, not majesty. 3
Now it is your turn to drink and expose your uncircumcised foreskin! 4
The cup of wine in the Lord’s right hand 5 is coming to you,
and disgrace will replace your majestic glory!
Habakuk 2:3
Konteks2:3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; 6
it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. 7
Even if the message 8 is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; 9
for it will certainly come to pass – it will not arrive late.
Habakuk 3:1-19
Konteks3:1 This is a prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: 10
3:2 Lord, I have heard the report of what you did; 11
I am awed, 12 Lord, by what you accomplished. 13
In our time 14 repeat those deeds; 15
in our time reveal them again. 16
But when you cause turmoil, remember to show us mercy! 17
3:3 God comes 18 from Teman, 19
the sovereign 20 one from Mount Paran. 21 Selah. 22
His splendor covers the skies, 23
his glory 24 fills the earth.
3:4 He is as bright as lightning; 25
a two-pronged lightning bolt flashes from his hand. 26
This is the outward display of his power. 27
3:5 Plague goes before him;
pestilence 28 marches right behind him. 29
3:6 He takes his battle position 30 and shakes 31 the earth;
with a mere look he frightens 32 the nations.
The ancient mountains disintegrate; 33
the primeval hills are flattened.
He travels on the ancient roads. 34
3:7 I see the tents of Cushan overwhelmed by trouble; 35
the tent curtains of the land of Midian are shaking. 36
3:8 Is the Lord mad at the rivers?
Are you angry with the rivers?
Are you enraged at the sea? 37
Is this why 38 you climb into your horse-drawn chariots, 39
your victorious chariots? 40
3:9 Your bow is ready for action; 41
you commission your arrows. 42 Selah.
You cause flash floods on the earth’s surface. 43
3:10 When the mountains see you, they shake.
The torrential downpour sweeps through. 44
The great deep 45 shouts out;
it lifts its hands high. 46
3:11 The sun and moon stand still in their courses; 47
the flash of your arrows drives them away, 48
the bright light of your lightning-quick spear. 49
3:12 You furiously stomp on the earth,
you angrily trample down the nations.
3:13 You march out to deliver your people,
to deliver your special servant. 50
You strike the leader of the wicked nation, 51
laying him open from the lower body to the neck. 52 Selah.
3:14 You pierce the heads of his warriors 53 with a spear. 54
They storm forward to scatter us; 55
they shout with joy as if they were plundering the poor with no opposition. 56
3:15 But you trample on the sea with your horses,
on the surging, raging waters. 57
3:16 I listened and my stomach churned; 58
the sound made my lips quiver.
My frame went limp, as if my bones were decaying, 59
and I shook as I tried to walk. 60
I long 61 for the day of distress
to come upon 62 the people who attack us.
3:17 When 63 the fig tree does not bud,
and there are no grapes on the vines;
when the olive trees do not produce, 64
and the fields yield no crops; 65
when the sheep disappear 66 from the pen,
and there are no cattle in the stalls,
3:18 I will rejoice because of 67 the Lord;
I will be happy because of the God who delivers me!
3:19 The sovereign Lord is my source of strength. 68
He gives me the agility of a deer; 69
he enables me to negotiate the rugged terrain. 70
(This prayer is for the song leader. It is to be accompanied by stringed instruments.) 71
[2:13] 1 tn Heb “Is it not, look, from the
[2:16] 2 tn Heb “are filled.” The translation assumes the verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of Babylon’s coming judgment, which will reduce the majestic empire to shame and humiliation.
[2:16] 4 tc Heb “drink, even you, and show the foreskin.” Instead of הֵעָרֵל (he’arel, “show the foreskin”) one of the Dead Sea scrolls has הֵרָעֵל (hera’el, “stumble”). This reading also has support from several ancient versions and is followed by the NEB (“you too shall drink until you stagger”) and NRSV (“Drink, you yourself, and stagger”). For a defense of the Hebrew text, see P. D. Miller, Jr., Sin and Judgment in the Prophets, 63-64.
[2:16] 5 sn The Lord’s right hand represents his military power. He will force the Babylonians to experience the same humiliating defeat they inflicted on others.
[2:3] 6 tn Heb “For the vision is still for the appointed time.” The Hebrew word עוֹד (’od, “still”) is better emended to עֵד (’ed, “witness”) in light of the parallelism (see the note on the word “turn out” in the following line). The “appointed time” refers to the time when the divine judgment anticipated in vv. 6-20 will be realized.
[2:3] 7 tn Heb “and a witness to the end and it does not lie.” The Hebrew term יָפֵחַ (yafeakh) has been traditionally understood as a verb form from the root פּוּחַ (puakh, “puff, blow”; cf. NEB “it will come in breathless haste”; NASB “it hastens toward the goal”) but recent scholarship has demonstrated that it is actually a noun meaning “witness” (cf. NIV “it speaks of the end / and will not prove false”; NRSV “it speaks of the end, and does not lie”). See J. J. M. Roberts, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah (OTL), 106. “The end” corresponds to “the appointed time” of the preceding line and refers to the time when the prophecy to follow will be fulfilled.
[2:3] 8 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the message) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:3] 9 tn Heb “If it should delay, wait for it.” The Hebrew word חָזוֹן (khazon, “vision, message”) is the subject of the third person verbs in v. 3 and the antecedent of the pronominal suffix in the phrase “for it.”
[3:1] 10 tn The Hebrew text adds עַל שִׁגְיֹנוֹת (’al shigyonot, “upon [or, “according to”] shigyonot”). The meaning of this word is uncertain. It may refer to the literary genre of the prayer or to the musical style to be employed when it is sung. The NEB leaves the term untranslated; several other modern English versions transliterate the term into English, sometimes with explanatory notes (NASB, NRSV “according to Shigionoth”; NIV “On shigyonoth”).
[3:2] 11 tn Heb “your report,” that is, “the report concerning you.”
[3:2] 12 tn Heb “I fear.” Some prefer to read, “I saw,
[3:2] 14 tn Heb “in the midst of years.” The meaning of the phrase, which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain (cf. NIV “in our day”; NEB, NASB “in the midst of the years”).
[3:2] 15 tn Heb “revive it” (i.e., “your work”).
[3:2] 16 tn Heb “make known.” The implied object is “your deeds”; the pronoun “them,” referring to “deeds” in the previous line, was employed in the translation to avoid redundancy. The suffix on the form חַיֵּיהוּ (khayyehu, “revive it”) does double duty in the parallelism.
[3:2] 17 tn Heb “in turmoil remember [to show] compassion.”
[3:3] 18 tn In vv. 3-15 there is a mixture of eleven prefixed verbal forms (without vav [ו] consecutive or with vav conjunctive), sixteen suffixed forms, and three prefixed forms with vav consecutive. All of the forms are best taken as indicating completed action from the speaker’s standpoint (all of the prefixed forms being regarded as preterites). The forms could be translated with the past tense, but this would be misleading, for this is not a mere recital of God’s deeds in Israel’s past history. Habakkuk here describes, in terms reminiscent of past theophanies, his prophetic vision of a future theophany (see v. 7, “I saw”). From the prophet’s visionary standpoint the theophany is “as good as done.” This translation uses the English present tense throughout these verses to avoid misunderstanding. A similar strategy is followed by the NEB; in contrast note the NIV and NRSV, which consistently use past tenses throughout the section, and the NASB, which employs present tenses in vv. 3-5 and mostly past tenses in vv. 6-15.
[3:3] 19 sn Teman was a city or region in southern Edom.
[3:3] 20 tn Or traditionally, “holy one.” The term קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh, “holy [one]”) here refers to God’s sovereignty. See v. 3b.
[3:3] 21 sn The precise location of Mount Paran is unknown, but like Teman it was located to the southeast of Israel. Habakkuk saw God marching from the direction of Sinai.
[3:3] 22 tn Selah. The meaning of this musical term (which also appears in vv. 9, 13, and in the Psalms as well) is unknown.
[3:3] 24 tn Heb “praise.” This could mean that the earth responds in praise as God’s splendor is observed in the skies. However, the Hebrew term תְּהִלָּה (tÿhillah, “praise”) can stand by metonymy for what prompts it (i.e., fame, glory, deeds).
[3:4] 25 tn Heb “[His] radiance is like light.” Some see a reference to sunlight, but the Hebrew word אוֹר (’or) here refers to lightning, as the context indicates (see vv. 4b, 9, 11). The word also refers to lightning in Job 36:32 and 37:3, 11, 15.
[3:4] 26 tn Heb “two horns from his hand to him.” Sharp, pointed lightning bolts have a “horn-like” appearance. The weapon of “double lightning” appears often in Mesopotamian representations of gods. See Elizabeth Van Buren, Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian Art (AnOr), 70-73.
[3:4] 27 tn Heb “and there [is] the covering of his strength”; or “and there is his strong covering.” The meaning of this line is unclear. The point may be that the lightning bolts are merely a covering, or outward display, of God’s raw power. In Job 36:32 one reads that God “covers his hands with light [or, “lightning”].”
[3:5] 28 tn Because of parallelism with the previous line, the meaning “pestilence” is favored for רֶשֶׁף (reshef) here, but usage elsewhere suggests a destructive bolt of fire may be in view. See BDB 958 s.v.
[3:5] sn There are mythological echoes here, for in Canaanite literature the god Resheph aids Baal in his battles. See J. Day, “New Light on the Mythological Background of the Allusion to Resheph in Habakkuk III 5,” VT 29 (1979): 353-55.
[3:5] 29 tn Heb “goes out at his feet.”
[3:6] 31 tn This verb has been traditionally understood as “measure” (from מוּד, mud), but the immediately following context (vv. 6b-7) favors the meaning “shake” from מָוד (mavd; see HALOT 555 s.v.).
[3:6] 32 tn Heb “makes [the nations] jump [in fear].”
[3:6] 33 tn Or “crumbled,” broke into pieces.”
[3:6] 34 tn Heb “ancient ways [or, “doings”] are his.” The meaning of this line is unclear. Traditionally it has been translated, “his ways are eternal.” However, in this context (see vv. 3, 7) it is more likely that the line speaks of the
[3:7] 35 tn Heb “under trouble I saw the tents of Cushan.”
[3:7] sn Cushan was located in southern Transjordan.
[3:7] 36 tn R. D. Patterson takes תַּחַת אֲוֶן (takhat ’aven) in the first line as a place name, “Tahath-Aven.” (Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah [WEC], 237.) In this case one may translate the verse as a tricolon: “I look at Tahath-Aven. The tents of Cushan are shaking, the tent curtains of the land of Midian.”
[3:8] 37 sn The following context suggests these questions should be answered, “Yes.” The rivers and the sea, symbolizing here the hostile nations (v. 12), are objects of the Lord’s anger (vv. 10, 15).
[3:8] 38 tn Heb “so that.” Here כִּי (ki) is resultative. See the note on the phrase “make it” in 2:18.
[3:8] 39 tn Heb “you mount your horses.” As the next line makes clear, the Lord is pictured here as a charioteer, not a cavalryman. Note NRSV here, “when you drove your horses, // your chariots to victory.”
[3:8] 40 tn Or “chariots of deliverance.”
[3:9] 41 tn Heb “[into] nakedness your bow is laid bare.”
[3:9] 42 tn Heb “sworn in are the arrow-shafts with a word.” The passive participle of שָׁבַע (shava’), “swear an oath,” also occurs in Ezek 21:23 ET (21:28 HT) referencing those who have sworn allegiance. Here the
[3:9] 43 tn Heb “[with] rivers you split open the earth.” A literal rendering like “You split the earth with rivers” (so NIV, NRSV) suggests geological activity to the modern reader, but in the present context of a violent thunderstorm, the idea of streams swollen to torrents by downpours better fits the imagery.
[3:9] sn As the
[3:10] 44 tn Heb “a heavy rain of waters passes by.” Perhaps the flash floods produced by the downpour are in view here.
[3:10] 45 sn The great deep, which is to be equated with the sea (vv. 8, 15), is a symbol of chaos and represents the Lord’s enemies.
[3:10] 46 sn Lifting the hands here suggests panic and is accompanied by a cry for mercy (see Ps 28:2; Lam 2:19). The forces of chaos cannot withstand the Lord’s power revealed in the storm.
[3:11] 47 tn Heb “in their lofty dwelling places.”
[3:11] 48 tn Or “at the light of your arrows they vanish.”
[3:11] 49 tn Heb “at the brightness of the lightning of your spear.”
[3:13] 50 tn Heb “anointed one.” In light of the parallelism with “your people” in the preceding line this could refer to Israel, but elsewhere the Lord’s anointed one is always an individual. The Davidic king is the more likely referent here.
[3:13] 51 tn Heb “you strike the head from the house of wickedness.”
[3:13] 52 tn Heb “laying bare [from] foundation to neck.”
[3:14] 53 tn Some take “warriors” with the following line, in which case one should translate, “you pierce [his] head with a spear; his warriors storm forward to scatter us” (cf. NIV). The meaning of the Hebrew term פְּרָזוֹ (pÿrazo), translated here “his warriors,” is uncertain.
[3:14] 54 tc Heb “his shafts.” Some emend to “your shafts.” The translation above assumes an emendation to מַטֶּה (matteh, “shaft, spear”), the vav-yod (ו-י) sequence being a corruption of an original he (ה).
[3:14] 55 tn Heb “me,” but the author speaks as a representative of God’s people.
[3:14] 56 tn Heb “their rejoicing is like devouring the poor in secret.”
[3:15] 57 tn Heb “the foaming of the mighty [or “many”] waters.”
[3:16] 58 tn Heb “my insides trembled.”
[3:16] 59 tn Heb “decay entered my bones.”
[3:16] 60 tc Heb “beneath me I shook, which….” The Hebrew term אֲשֶׁר (’asher) appears to be a relative pronoun, but a relative pronoun does not fit here. The translation assumes a reading אֲשֻׁרָי (’ashuray, “my steps”) as well as an emendation of the preceding verb to a third plural form.
[3:16] 61 tn The translation assumes that אָנוּחַ (’anuakh) is from the otherwise unattested verb נָוָח (navakh, “sigh”; see HALOT 680 s.v. II נוח; so also NEB). Most take this verb as נוּחַ (nuakh, “to rest”) and translate, “I wait patiently” (cf. NIV).
[3:16] 62 tn Heb “to come up toward.”
[3:17] 64 tn Heb “the produce of the olive disappoints.”
[3:17] 66 tn Or “are cut off.”
[3:19] 68 tn Or perhaps, “is my wall,” that is, “my protector.”
[3:19] 69 tn Heb “he makes my feet like those of deer.”
[3:19] 70 tn Heb “he makes me walk on my high places.”
[3:19] sn Difficult times are coming, but Habakkuk is confident the
[3:19] 71 tn Heb “For the leader, on my stringed instruments.”
