Ulangan 5:1
Konteks5:1 Then Moses called all the people of Israel together and said to them: 1 “Listen, Israel, to the statutes and ordinances that I am about to deliver to you today; learn them and be careful to keep them!
Ulangan 16:1--17:20
Konteks16:1 Observe the month Abib 2 and keep the Passover to the Lord your God, for in that month 3 he 4 brought you out of Egypt by night. 16:2 You must sacrifice the Passover animal 5 (from the flock or the herd) to the Lord your God in the place where he 6 chooses to locate his name. 16:3 You must not eat any yeast with it; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, symbolic of affliction, for you came out of Egypt hurriedly. You must do this so you will remember for the rest of your life the day you came out of the land of Egypt. 16:4 There must not be a scrap of yeast within your land 7 for seven days, nor can any of the meat you sacrifice on the evening of the first day remain until the next morning. 8 16:5 You may not sacrifice the Passover in just any of your villages 9 that the Lord your God is giving you, 16:6 but you must sacrifice it 10 in the evening in 11 the place where he 12 chooses to locate his name, at sunset, the time of day you came out of Egypt. 16:7 You must cook 13 and eat it in the place the Lord your God chooses; you may return the next morning to your tents. 16:8 You must eat bread made without yeast for six days. The seventh day you are to hold an assembly for the Lord your God; you must not do any work on that day. 14
16:9 You must count seven weeks; you must begin to count them 15 from the time you begin to harvest the standing grain. 16:10 Then you are to celebrate the Festival of Weeks 16 before the Lord your God with the voluntary offering 17 that you will bring, in proportion to how he 18 has blessed you. 16:11 You shall rejoice before him 19 – you, your son, your daughter, your male and female slaves, the Levites in your villages, 20 the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows among you – in the place where the Lord chooses to locate his name. 16:12 Furthermore, remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and so be careful to observe these statutes.
16:13 You must celebrate the Festival of Temporary Shelters 21 for seven days, at the time of the grain and grape harvest. 22 16:14 You are to rejoice in your festival, you, your son, your daughter, your male and female slaves, the Levites, the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows who are in your villages. 23 16:15 You are to celebrate the festival seven days before the Lord your God in the place he 24 chooses, for he 25 will bless you in all your productivity and in whatever you do; 26 so you will indeed rejoice! 16:16 Three times a year all your males must appear before the Lord your God in the place he chooses for the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Temporary Shelters; and they must not appear before him 27 empty-handed. 16:17 Every one of you must give as you are able, 28 according to the blessing of the Lord your God that he has given you.
16:18 You must appoint judges and civil servants 29 for each tribe in all your villages 30 that the Lord your God is giving you, and they must judge the people fairly. 31 16:19 You must not pervert justice or show favor. Do not take a bribe, for bribes blind the eyes of the wise and distort 32 the words of the righteous. 33 16:20 You must pursue justice alone 34 so that you may live and inherit the land the Lord your God is giving you.
16:21 You must not plant any kind of tree as a sacred Asherah pole 35 near the altar of the Lord your God which you build for yourself. 16:22 You must not erect a sacred pillar, 36 a thing the Lord your God detests. 17:1 You must not sacrifice to him 37 a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect, because that is considered offensive 38 to the Lord your God. 17:2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you – in one of your villages 39 that the Lord your God is giving you – who sins before the Lord your God 40 and breaks his covenant 17:3 by serving other gods and worshiping them – the sun, 41 moon, or any other heavenly bodies which I have not permitted you to worship. 42 17:4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing 43 is being done in Israel, 17:5 you must bring to your city gates 44 that man or woman who has done this wicked thing – that very man or woman – and you must stone that person to death. 45 17:6 At the testimony of two or three witnesses they must be executed. They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 17:7 The witnesses 46 must be first to begin the execution, and then all the people 47 are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge evil from among you.
17:8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge – bloodshed, 48 legal claim, 49 or assault 50 – matters of controversy in your villages 51 – you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses. 52 17:9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict. 17:10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught. 17:11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 17:12 The person who pays no attention 53 to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the verdict – that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. 17:13 Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again.
17:14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 17:15 you must select without fail 54 a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens 55 you must appoint a king – you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites. 56 17:16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, 57 for the Lord has said you must never again return that way. 17:17 Furthermore, he must not marry many 58 wives lest his affections turn aside, and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 17:18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law 59 on a scroll 60 given to him by the Levitical priests. 17:19 It must be with him constantly and he must read it as long as he lives, so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out. 17:20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom 61 in Israel.
[5:1] 1 tn Heb “and Moses called to all Israel and he said to them”; NAB, NASB, NIV “Moses summoned (convened NRSV) all Israel.”
[16:1] 2 sn The month Abib, later called Nisan (Neh 2:1; Esth 3:7), corresponds to March-April in the modern calendar.
[16:1] 3 tn Heb “in the month Abib.” The demonstrative “that” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[16:1] 4 tn Heb “the
[16:2] 5 tn Heb “sacrifice the Passover” (so NASB). The word “animal” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[16:2] 6 tn Heb “the
[16:4] 7 tn Heb “leaven must not be seen among you in all your border.”
[16:4] 8 tn Heb “remain all night until the morning” (so KJV, ASV). This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[16:6] 10 tn Heb “the Passover.” The translation uses a pronoun to avoid redundancy in English.
[16:6] 11 tc The MT reading אֶל (’el, “unto”) before “the place” should, following Smr, Syriac, Targums, and Vulgate, be omitted in favor of ב (bet; בַּמָּקוֹם, bammaqom), “in the place.”
[16:6] 12 tn Heb “the
[16:7] 13 tn The rules that governed the Passover meal are found in Exod 12:1-51, and Deut 16:1-8. The word translated “cook” (בָּשַׁל, bashal) here is translated “boil” in other places (e.g. Exod 23:19, 1 Sam 2:13-15). This would seem to contradict Exod 12:9 where the Israelites are told not to eat the Passover sacrifice raw or boiled. However, 2 Chr 35:13 recounts the celebration of a Passover feast during the reign of Josiah, and explains that the people “cooked (בָּשַׁל, bashal) the Passover sacrifices over the open fire.” The use of בָּשַׁל (bashal) with “fire” (אֵשׁ, ’esh) suggests that the word could be used to speak of boiling or roasting.
[16:8] 14 tn The words “on that day” are not in the Hebrew text; they are supplied in the translation for clarification (cf. TEV, NLT).
[16:9] 15 tn Heb “the seven weeks.” The translation uses a pronoun to avoid redundancy in English.
[16:10] 16 tn The Hebrew phrase חַג שָׁבֻעוֹת (khag shavu’ot) is otherwise known in the OT (Exod 23:16) as קָצִיר (qatsir, “harvest”) and in the NT as πεντηχοστή (penthcosth, “Pentecost”).
[16:10] 17 tn Heb “the sufficiency of the offering of your hand.”
[16:10] 18 tn Heb “the
[16:11] 19 tn Heb “the
[16:13] 21 tn The Hebrew phrase חַג הַסֻּכֹּת (khag hassukot, “festival of huts” or “festival of shelters”) is traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles. The rendering “booths” (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV) is now preferable to the traditional “tabernacles” (KJV, ASV, NIV) in light of the meaning of the term סֻכָּה (sukkah, “hut; booth”), but “booths” are frequently associated with trade shows and craft fairs in contemporary American English. Clearer is the English term “shelters” (so NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT), but this does not reflect the temporary nature of the living arrangement. This feast was a commemoration of the wanderings of the Israelites after they left Egypt, suggesting that a translation like “temporary shelters” is more appropriate.
[16:13] 22 tn Heb “when you gather in your threshing-floor and winepress.”
[16:14] 23 tn Heb “in your gates.”
[16:15] 24 tn Heb “the
[16:15] 25 tn Heb “the
[16:15] 26 tn Heb “in all the work of your hands” (so NASB, NIV); NAB, NRSV “in all your undertakings.”
[16:16] 27 tn Heb “the
[16:17] 28 tn Heb “a man must give according to the gift of his hand.” This has been translated as second person for stylistic reasons, in keeping with the second half of the verse, which is second person rather than third.
[16:18] 29 tn The Hebrew term וְשֹׁטְרִים (vÿshoterim), usually translated “officers” (KJV, NCV) or “officials” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), derives from the verb שֹׁטֵר (shoter, “to write”). The noun became generic for all types of public officials. Here, however, it may be appositionally epexegetical to “judges,” thus resulting in the phrase, “judges, that is, civil officers,” etc. Whoever the שֹׁטְרִים are, their task here consists of rendering judgments and administering justice.
[16:18] 31 tn Heb “with judgment of righteousness”; ASV, NASB “with righteous judgment.”
[16:19] 32 tn Heb “twist, overturn”; NRSV “subverts the cause.”
[16:19] 33 tn Or “innocent”; NRSV “those who are in the right”; NLT “the godly.”
[16:20] 34 tn Heb “justice, justice.” The repetition is emphatic; one might translate as “pure justice” or “unadulterated justice” (cf. NLT “true justice”).
[16:21] 35 tn Heb “an Asherah, any tree.”
[16:21] sn Sacred Asherah pole. This refers to a tree (or wooden pole) dedicated to the worship of Asherah, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. See also Deut 7:5.
[16:22] 36 sn Sacred pillar. This refers to the stelae (stone pillars; the Hebrew term is מַצֵּבֹת, matsevot) associated with Baal worship, perhaps to mark a spot hallowed by an alleged visitation of the gods. See also Deut 7:5.
[17:1] 37 tn Heb “to the
[17:1] 38 tn The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (to’evah, “an abomination”; cf. NAB) describes persons, things, or practices offensive to ritual or moral order. See M. Grisanti, NIDOTTE 4:314-18; see also the note on the word “abhorrent” in Deut 7:25.
[17:2] 40 tn Heb “does the evil in the eyes of the
[17:3] 41 tc The MT reads “and to the sun,” thus including the sun, the moon, and other heavenly spheres among the gods. However, Theodotion and Lucian read “or to the sun,” suggesting perhaps that the sun and the other heavenly bodies are not in the category of actual deities.
[17:3] 42 tn Heb “which I have not commanded you.” The words “to worship” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:4] 43 tn Heb “an abomination” (תּוֹעֵבָה); see note on the word “offensive” in v. 1.
[17:5] 45 tn Heb “stone them with stones so that they die” (KJV similar); NCV “throw stones at that person until he dies.”
[17:7] 46 tn Heb “the hand of the witnesses.” This means the two or three witnesses are to throw the first stones (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
[17:7] 47 tn Heb “the hand of all the people.”
[17:8] 48 tn Heb “between blood and blood.”
[17:8] 49 tn Heb “between claim and claim.”
[17:8] 50 tn Heb “between blow and blow.”
[17:8] 52 tc Several Greek recensions add “to place his name there,” thus completing the usual formula to describe the central sanctuary (cf. Deut 12:5, 11, 14, 18; 16:6). However, the context suggests that the local Levitical towns, and not the central sanctuary, are in mind.
[17:12] 53 tn Heb “who acts presumptuously not to listen” (cf. NASB).
[17:15] 54 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “without fail.”
[17:15] 55 tn Heb “your brothers,” but not referring to siblings (cf. NIV “your brother Israelites”; NLT “a fellow Israelite”). The same phrase also occurs in v. 20.
[17:15] 56 tn Heb “your brothers.” See the preceding note on “fellow citizens.”
[17:16] 57 tn Heb “in order to multiply horses.” The translation uses “do so” in place of “multiply horses” to avoid redundancy (cf. NAB, NIV).
[17:17] 58 tn Heb “must not multiply” (cf. KJV, NASB); NLT “must not take many.”
[17:18] 59 tn Or “instruction.” The LXX reads here τὸ δευτερονόμιον τοῦτο (to deuteronomion touto, “this second law”). From this Greek phrase the present name of the book, “Deuteronomy” or “second law” (i.e., the second giving of the law), is derived. However, the MT’s expression מִשְׁנֶה הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת (mishneh hattorah hazzo’t) is better rendered “copy of this law.” Here the term תּוֹרָה (torah) probably refers only to the book of Deuteronomy and not to the whole Pentateuch.
[17:18] 60 tn The Hebrew term סֵפֶר (sefer) means a “writing” or “document” and could be translated “book” (so KJV, ASV, TEV). However, since “book” carries the connotation of a modern bound book with pages (an obvious anachronism) it is preferable to render the Hebrew term “scroll” here and elsewhere.
[17:20] 61 tc Heb “upon his kingship.” Smr supplies כִּסֵא (kise’, “throne”) so as to read “upon the throne of his kingship.” This overliteralizes what is a clearly understood figure of speech.
