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2 Korintus 10:1--12:2

Konteks
Paul’s Authority from the Lord

10:1 Now I, Paul, appeal to you 1  personally 2  by the meekness and gentleness 3  of Christ (I who am meek 4  when present among 5  you, but am full of courage 6  toward you when away!) – 10:2 now I ask that when I am present I may not have to be bold with the confidence that (I expect) I will dare to use against some who consider us to be behaving 7  according to human standards. 8  10:3 For though we live 9  as human beings, 10  we do not wage war according to human standards, 11  10:4 for the weapons of our warfare are not human weapons, 12  but are made powerful by God 13  for tearing down strongholds. 14  We tear down arguments 15  10:5 and every arrogant obstacle 16  that is raised up against the knowledge of God, and we take every thought captive to make it obey 17  Christ. 10:6 We are also ready to punish every act of disobedience, 18  whenever your obedience is complete. 10:7 You are looking at outward appearances. 19  If anyone is confident that he belongs to Christ, he should reflect on this again: Just as he himself belongs to Christ, so too do we. 10:8 For if I boast somewhat more about our authority that the Lord gave us 20  for building you up and not for tearing you down, I will not be ashamed of doing so. 21  10:9 I do not want to seem as though I am trying to terrify you with my letters, 10:10 because some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is weak 22  and his speech is of no account.” 23  10:11 Let such a person consider this: What we say 24  by letters when we are absent, we also are in actions when we are present.

Paul’s Mission

10:12 For we would not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some of those who recommend themselves. But when they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding. 25  10:13 But we will not boast beyond certain limits, 26  but will confine our boasting 27  according to the limits of the work to which God has appointed us, 28  that reaches even as far as you. 10:14 For we were not overextending ourselves, as though we did not reach as far as you, because we were the first to reach as far as you with the gospel about Christ. 29  10:15 Nor do we boast beyond certain limits 30  in the work 31  done by others, but we hope 32  that as your faith continues to grow, our work may be greatly expanded 33  among you according to our limits, 34  10:16 so that we may preach the gospel in the regions that lie beyond you, and not boast of work already done in another person’s area. 10:17 But the one who boasts must boast in the Lord. 35  10:18 For it is not the person who commends himself who is approved, but the person the Lord commends.

Paul and His Opponents

11:1 I wish that you would be patient with me in a little foolishness, but indeed you are being patient with me! 11:2 For I am jealous for you with godly jealousy, because I promised you in marriage to one husband, 36  to present you as a pure 37  virgin to Christ. 11:3 But I am afraid that 38  just as the serpent 39  deceived Eve by his treachery, 40  your minds may be led astray 41  from a sincere and pure 42  devotion to Christ. 11:4 For if someone comes and proclaims 43  another Jesus different from the one we proclaimed, 44  or if you receive a different spirit than the one you received, 45  or a different gospel than the one you accepted, 46  you put up with it well enough! 47  11:5 For I consider myself not at all inferior to those “super-apostles.” 48  11:6 And even if I am unskilled 49  in speaking, yet I am certainly not so in knowledge. Indeed, we have made this plain to you in everything in every way. 11:7 Or did I commit a sin by humbling myself 50  so that you could be exalted, because I proclaimed 51  the gospel of God to you free of charge? 11:8 I robbed other churches by receiving support from them so that I could serve you! 52  11:9 When 53  I was with you and was in need, I was not a burden to anyone, for the brothers who came from Macedonia fully supplied my needs. 54  I 55  kept myself from being a burden to you in any way, and will continue to do so. 11:10 As the truth of Christ is in me, this boasting of mine 56  will not be stopped 57  in the regions of Achaia. 11:11 Why? Because I do not love you? God knows I do! 58  11:12 And what I am doing I will continue to do, so that I may eliminate any opportunity for those who want a chance to be regarded as our equals 59  in the things they boast about. 11:13 For such people are false apostles, deceitful 60  workers, disguising themselves 61  as apostles of Christ. 11:14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself 62  as an angel of light. 11:15 Therefore it is not surprising his servants also disguise themselves 63  as servants of righteousness, whose end will correspond to their actions. 64 

Paul’s Sufferings for Christ

11:16 I say again, let no one think that I am a fool. 65  But if you do, then at least accept me as a fool, so that I too may boast a little. 11:17 What I am saying with this boastful confidence 66  I do not say the way the Lord would. 67  Instead it is, as it were, foolishness. 11:18 Since many 68  are boasting according to human standards, 69  I too will boast. 11:19 For since you are so wise, you put up with 70  fools gladly. 11:20 For you put up with 71  it if someone makes slaves of you, if someone exploits you, if someone takes advantage of you, if someone behaves arrogantly 72  toward you, if someone strikes you in the face. 11:21 (To my disgrace 73  I must say that we were too weak for that!) 74  But whatever anyone else dares to boast about 75  (I am speaking foolishly), I also dare to boast about the same thing. 76  11:22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. 11:23 Are they servants of Christ? (I am talking like I am out of my mind!) I am even more so: with much greater labors, with far more imprisonments, with more severe beatings, facing death many times. 11:24 Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one. 77  11:25 Three times I was beaten with a rod. 78  Once I received a stoning. 79  Three times I suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea. 11:26 I have been on journeys many times, in dangers from rivers, in dangers from robbers, 80  in dangers from my own countrymen, in dangers from Gentiles, in dangers in the city, in dangers in the wilderness, 81  in dangers at sea, in dangers from false brothers, 11:27 in hard work and toil, 82  through many sleepless nights, in hunger and thirst, many times without food, in cold and without enough clothing. 83  11:28 Apart from other things, 84  there is the daily pressure on me of my anxious concern 85  for all the churches. 11:29 Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who is led into sin, 86  and I do not burn with indignation? 11:30 If I must boast, 87  I will boast about the things that show my weakness. 88  11:31 The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, who is blessed forever, knows I am not lying. 11:32 In Damascus, the governor 89  under King Aretas was guarding the city of Damascus 90  in order to arrest 91  me, 11:33 but I was let down in a rope-basket 92  through a window in the city wall, and escaped his hands.

Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh

12:1 It is necessary to go on boasting. 93  Though it is not profitable, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 12:2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago (whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows) was caught up to the third heaven.

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[10:1]  1 tn The Greek pronoun (“you”) is plural.

[10:1]  2 tn The word “personally” is supplied to reflect the force of the Greek intensive pronoun αὐτός (autos) at the beginning of the verse.

[10:1]  3 tn Or “leniency and clemency.” D. Walker, “Paul’s Offer of Leniency of Christ (2 Corinthians 10:1): Populist Ideology and Rhetoric in a Pauline Letter Fragment (2 Cor 10:1-13:10)” (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1998), argues for this alternative translation for three main reasons: (1) When the two Greek nouns πραΰτης and ἐπιείκεια (prauth" and ejpieikeia) are used together, 90% of the time the nuance is “leniency and clemency.” (2) “Leniency and clemency” has a military connotation, which is precisely what appears in the following verses. (3) 2 Cor 10-13 speaks of Paul’s sparing use of his authority, which points to the nuance of “leniency and clemency.”

[10:1]  4 tn Or “who lack confidence.”

[10:1]  5 tn Or “when face to face with.”

[10:1]  6 tn Or “but bold.”

[10:2]  7 tn Grk “consider us as walking.”

[10:2]  8 tn Grk “according to the flesh.”

[10:3]  9 tn Grk “we walk.”

[10:3]  10 tn Grk “in the flesh.”

[10:3]  11 tn Grk “according to the flesh.”

[10:4]  12 tn Grk “are not fleshly [weapons].” The repetition of the word “warfare” does not occur in the Greek text, but is supplied for clarity.

[10:4]  13 tn Or “but (are) divinely powerful,” “but they have divine power,” or “but are powerful for God’s [service]”; Grk “but are powerful to God.”

[10:4]  14 sn Ultimately Paul is referring here to the false arguments of his opponents, calling them figuratively “strongholds.” This Greek word (ὀχύρωμα, ocurwma) is used only here in the NT.

[10:4]  15 tn Or “speculations.”

[10:5]  16 tn The phrase “every arrogant obstacle” could be translated simply “all arrogance” (so L&N 88.207).

[10:5]  17 tn Grk “to the obedience of Christ”; but since Χριστοῦ (Cristou) is clearly an objective genitive here, it is better to translate “to make it obey Christ.”

[10:6]  18 tn Or “punish all disobedience.”

[10:7]  19 tn The phrase is close to a recognized idiom for judging based on outward appearances (L&N 30.120). Some translators see a distinction, however, and translate 2 Cor 10:7a as “Look at what is in front of your eyes,” that is, the obvious facts of the case (so NRSV).

[10:8]  20 tn The word “us” is not in the Greek text but is supplied. Indirect objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, and must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[10:8]  21 tn Grk “I will not be put to shame,” “I will not be ashamed.” The words “of doing so” are supplied to clarify for the reader that Paul will not be ashamed of boasting somewhat more about the authority the Lord gave him (beginning of v. 8).

[10:10]  22 tn Or “unimpressive.”

[10:10]  23 tn Or “is contemptible”; Grk “is despised.”

[10:11]  24 tn Grk “what we are in word.”

[10:12]  25 tn Or “they are unintelligent.”

[10:13]  26 tn Or “boast excessively.” The phrase εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα (ei" ta ametra) is an idiom; literally it means “into that which is not measured,” that is, a point on a scale that goes beyond what might be expected (L&N 78.27).

[10:13]  27 tn The words “will confine our boasting” are not in the Greek text, but the reference to boasting must be repeated from the previous clause to clarify for the modern reader what is being limited.

[10:13]  28 tn Grk “according to the measure of the rule which God has apportioned to us as a measure”; for the translation used in the text see L&N 37.100.

[10:14]  29 tn Grk “with the gospel of Christ,” but since Χριστοῦ (Cristou) is clearly an objective genitive here, it is better to translate “with the gospel about Christ.”

[10:15]  30 tn Or “boast excessively.” The phrase εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα (ei" ta ametra) is an idiom; literally it means “into that which is not measured,” that is, a point on a scale that goes beyond what might be expected (L&N 78.27).

[10:15]  31 tn Or “in the labors.”

[10:15]  32 tn Grk “but we have the hope.”

[10:15]  33 tn Or “greatly enlarged.”

[10:15]  34 tn That is, Paul’s work might be greatly expanded within the area of activity assigned to him by God.

[10:17]  35 tn The traditional translation (“let the one who boasts boast in the Lord”) can be understood as merely permissive by the English reader, but the Greek verb καυχάσθω (kaucasqw) is a third person imperative.

[10:17]  sn A quotation from Jer 9:24 (also quoted in 1 Cor 1:31).

[11:2]  36 tn That is, to Christ.

[11:2]  37 tn Or “chaste.”

[11:3]  38 tn Grk “I fear lest somehow.”

[11:3]  39 tn Or “the snake.”

[11:3]  40 tn Or “craftiness.”

[11:3]  41 tn Or “corrupted,” “seduced.”

[11:3]  42 tc Although most mss (א2 H Ψ 0121 0243 1739 1881 Ï) lack “and pure” (καὶ τῆς ἁγνότητος, kai th" Jagnothto"; Grk “and purity”) several important and early witnesses (Ì46 א* B D[2] F G 33 81 104 pc ar r co) retain these words. Their presence in such mss across such a wide geographical distribution argues for their authenticity. The omission from the majority of mss can be explained by haplography, since the -τητος ending of ἁγνότητος is identical to the ending of ἁπλότητος (Japlothto", “sincerity”) three words back (ἁπλότητος καὶ τῆς ἁγνότητος); further, since the meanings of “sincerity” and “purity” are similar they might seem redundant. A copyist would scarcely notice the omission because Paul’s statement still makes sense without “and from purity.”

[11:4]  43 tn Or “preaches.”

[11:4]  44 tn Grk “another Jesus whom we have not proclaimed.”

[11:4]  45 tn Grk “a different spirit which you did not receive.”

[11:4]  46 tn Grk “a different gospel which you did not accept.”

[11:4]  47 tn Or “you endure it very well.”

[11:5]  48 tn The implicit irony in Paul’s remark is brought out well by the TEV: “I do not think that I am the least bit inferior to those very special so-called ‘apostles’ of yours!”

[11:5]  sn The ‘super-apostles’ refers either (1) to the original apostles (the older interpretation) or (2) more probably, to Paul’s opponents in Corinth, in which case the designation is ironic.

[11:6]  49 sn Unskilled in speaking means not professionally trained as a rhetorician.

[11:7]  50 sn Paul is referring to humbling himself to the point of doing manual labor to support himself.

[11:7]  51 tn Or “preached.”

[11:8]  52 sn That is, serve them free of charge (cf. the end of v. 7).

[11:9]  53 tn Grk “you, and when.” A new sentence was started here in the translation.

[11:9]  54 tn If the participle ἐλθόντες (elqonte") is taken as temporal rather than adjectival, the translation would be, “for the brothers, when they came from Macedonia, fully supplied my needs” (similar to NASB).

[11:9]  55 tn Grk “needs, and I kept.” A new sentence was started here in the translation.

[11:10]  56 tn That is, that Paul offers the gospel free of charge to the Corinthians (see 2 Cor 11:7).

[11:10]  57 tn Or “silenced.”

[11:11]  58 tn Grk “God knows!” The words “I do” are supplied for clarity. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[11:12]  59 tn Grk “an opportunity, so that they may be found just like us.”

[11:13]  60 tn Or “dishonest.”

[11:13]  61 tn Or “workers, masquerading.”

[11:14]  62 tn Or “Satan himself masquerades.”

[11:15]  63 tn Or “also masquerade.”

[11:15]  64 tn Or “their works.”

[11:16]  65 tn Or “am foolish.”

[11:17]  66 tn Grk “with this confidence of boasting.” The genitive καυχήσεως (kauchsew") has been translated as an attributed genitive (the noun in the genitive gives an attribute of the noun modified).

[11:17]  67 tn Or “say with the Lord’s authority.”

[11:18]  68 sn Many is a reference to Paul’s opponents.

[11:18]  69 tn Grk “according to the flesh.”

[11:19]  70 tn Or “you tolerate.”

[11:20]  71 tn Or “you tolerate.”

[11:20]  72 tn See L&N 88.212.

[11:21]  73 tn Or “my shame.”

[11:21]  74 sn It seems best, in context, to see the statement we were too weak for that as a parenthetical and ironic comment by Paul on his physical condition (weakness or sickness) while he was with the Corinthians (cf. 2 Cor 12:7-10; Gal 4:15).

[11:21]  75 tn The words “to boast about” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, and this phrase serves as the direct object of the preceding verb.

[11:21]  76 tn Grk “I also dare”; the words “to boast about the same thing” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, and this phrase serves as the direct object of the preceding verb.

[11:24]  77 tn Grk “forty less one”; this was a standard sentence. “Lashes” is supplied to clarify for the modern reader what is meant.

[11:25]  78 sn Beaten with a rod refers to the Roman punishment of admonitio according to BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω. Acts 16:22 describes one of these occasions in Philippi; in this case it was administered by the city magistrates, who had wide powers in a military colony.

[11:25]  79 sn Received a stoning. See Acts 14:19, where this incident is described.

[11:26]  80 tn Or “bandits.” The word normally refers more to highwaymen (“robbers”) but can also refer to insurrectionists or revolutionaries (“bandits”).

[11:26]  81 tn Or “desert.”

[11:27]  82 tn The two different words for labor are translated “in hard work and toil” by L&N 42.48.

[11:27]  83 tn Grk “in cold and nakedness.” Paul does not mean complete nakedness, however, which would have been repugnant to a Jew; he refers instead to the lack of sufficient clothing, especially in cold weather. A related word is used to 1 Cor 4:11, also in combination with experiencing hunger and thirst.

[11:28]  84 sn Apart from other things. Paul refers here either (1) to the external sufferings just mentioned, or (2) he refers to other things he has left unmentioned.

[11:28]  85 tn “Anxious concern,” so translated in L&N 25.224.

[11:29]  86 tn Or “who is caused to stumble.”

[11:30]  87 tn Grk “If boasting is necessary.”

[11:30]  88 tn Or “about the things related to my weakness.”

[11:32]  89 tn Grk “ethnarch.”

[11:32]  sn The governor was an official called an ethnarch who was appointed to rule over a particular area or constituency on behalf of a king.

[11:32]  90 tn Grk “the city of the Damascenes.”

[11:32]  91 tn Or “to seize,” “to catch.”

[11:33]  92 tn In Acts 9:25 the same basket used in Paul’s escape is called a σπυρίς (spuri"), a basket larger than a κόφινος (kofinos). It was very likely made out of rope, so the translation “rope-basket” is used.

[12:1]  93 tn Grk “Boasting is necessary.”



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