1 Tawarikh 10:1--11:47
Konteks10:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel. The Israelites fled before the Philistines and many of them fell dead on Mount Gilboa. 10:2 The Philistines stayed right on the heels of 1 Saul and his sons. They 2 struck down Saul’s 3 sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. 10:3 The battle was thick 4 around Saul; the archers spotted him and wounded him. 5 10:4 Saul told his armor bearer, “Draw your sword and stab me with it. Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come and torture me.” 6 But his armor bearer refused to do it, because he was very afraid. So Saul took the sword and fell on it. 10:5 When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword and died. 10:6 So Saul and his three sons died; his whole household 7 died together. 10:7 When all the Israelites who were in the valley saw that the army 8 had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned their cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them.
10:8 The next day, when the Philistines came to strip loot from the corpses, they discovered Saul and his sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. 10:9 They stripped his corpse, and then carried off his head and his armor. They sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines proclaiming the news to their idols and their people. 10:10 They placed his armor in the temple of their gods 9 and hung his head in the temple of Dagon. 10:11 When all the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, 10:12 all the warriors went and recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons 10 and brought them to Jabesh. They buried their remains 11 under the oak tree in Jabesh and fasted for seven days.
10:13 So Saul died because he was unfaithful to the Lord and did not obey the Lord’s instructions; he even tried to conjure up underworld spirits. 12 10:14 He did not seek the Lord’s guidance, so the Lord 13 killed him and transferred the kingdom to David son of Jesse.
11:1 All Israel joined David at Hebron and said, “Look, we are your very flesh and blood! 14 11:2 In the past, even when Saul was king, you were Israel’s commanding general. 15 The Lord your God said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel; you will rule over my people Israel.’” 11:3 When all the leaders 16 of Israel came to the king at Hebron, David made an agreement 17 with them in Hebron before the Lord. They anointed 18 David king over Israel, just as the Lord had announced through Samuel. 19
11:4 David and the whole Israelite army 20 advanced to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus). 21 (The Jebusites, the land’s original inhabitants, lived there.) 22 11:5 The residents of Jebus said to David, “You cannot invade this place!” But David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David). 11:6 23 David said, “Whoever attacks 24 the Jebusites first will become commanding general!” 25 So Joab son of Zeruiah attacked 26 first and became commander. 27 11:7 David lived in the fortress; for this reason it is called the City of David. 11:8 He built up the city around it, from the terrace to the surrounding walls; 28 Joab restored the rest of the city. 11:9 David’s power steadily grew, for the Lord who commands armies was with him. 29
11:10 These were the leaders of David’s warriors who helped establish and stabilize his rule over all Israel, in accordance with the Lord’s word. 30 11:11 This is the list of David’s warriors: 31
Jashobeam, a Hacmonite, was head of the officers. 32 He killed three hundred men with his spear in a single battle. 33
11:12 Next in command 34 was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. He was one of the three elite warriors. 11:13 He was with David in Pas Dammim 35 when the Philistines assembled there for battle. In an area of the field that was full of barley, the army retreated before the Philistines, 11:14 but then they made a stand in the middle of that area. They defended it 36 and defeated the Philistines; the Lord gave them a great victory. 37
11:15 Three of the thirty leaders went down to David at the rocky cliff at the cave of Adullam, while a Philistine force was camped in the Valley of Rephaim. 11:16 David was in the stronghold at the time, while a Philistine garrison was in Bethlehem. 38 11:17 David was thirsty and said, “How I wish someone would give me some water to drink 39 from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate!” 11:18 So the three elite warriors 40 broke through the Philistine forces and drew some water from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate. They carried it back to David, but David refused to drink it. He poured it out as a drink offering to the Lord 11:19 and said, “God forbid that I should do this! 41 Should I drink the blood of these men who risked their lives?” 42 Because they risked their lives to bring it to him, he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three elite warriors. 43
11:20 Abishai the brother of Joab was head of the three 44 elite warriors. He killed three hundred men with his spear 45 and gained fame along with the three elite warriors. 46 11:21 From 47 the three he was given double honor and he became their officer, even though he was not one of them. 48
11:22 Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a brave warrior from Kabzeel who performed great exploits. He struck down the two sons of Ariel of Moab; 49 he also went down and killed a lion inside a cistern on a snowy day. 11:23 He even killed an Egyptian who was seven and a half feet 50 tall. The Egyptian had a spear as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom; Benaiah attacked 51 him with a club. He grabbed the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear. 11:24 Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who gained fame along with the three elite warriors. 11:25 He received honor from 52 the thirty warriors, though he was not one of the three elite warriors. David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
11:26 The mighty warriors were:
Asahel the brother of Joab,
Elhanan son of Dodo, from Bethlehem, 53
11:27 Shammoth the Harorite, 54
Helez the Pelonite, 55
11:28 Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Abiezer the Anathothite,
11:29 Sibbekai 56 the Hushathite,
Ilai 57 the Ahohite,
11:30 Maharai the Netophathite,
Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
11:31 Ithai 58 son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjaminite territory,
Benaiah the Pirathonite,
11:32 Hurai 59 from the valleys of Gaash,
Abiel 60 the Arbathite,
11:33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, 61
Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
11:34 the sons of Hashem 62 the Gizonite,
Jonathan son of Shageh 63 the Hararite,
11:35 Ahiam son of Sakar 64 the Hararite,
Eliphal son of Ur, 65
11:36 Hepher the Mekerathite,
Ahijah the Pelonite,
Naarai son of Ezbai,
11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, 67
Mibhar son of Hagri,
11:39 Zelek the Ammonite,
Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
11:40 Ira the Ithrite,
Gareb the Ithrite,
11:41 Uriah the Hittite,
Zabad son of Achli,
11:42 Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, leader of the Reubenites and the thirty warriors with him,
11:43 Hanan son of Maacah,
Joshaphat the Mithnite,
11:44 Uzzia the Ashterathite,
Shama and Jeiel, the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
11:45 Jediael son of Shimri,
and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
11:46 Eliel the Mahavite,
and Jeribai and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam,
and Ithmah the Moabite,
11:47 Eliel,
and Obed,
and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
[10:2] 1 tn Heb “stuck close after.”
[10:2] 2 tn Heb “the Philistines.” The translation has substituted the pronoun “they” to avoid redundancy.
[10:2] 3 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:3] 5 tn Heb “and they found him, the ones who shoot with the bow, and he was in pain from the ones shooting.”
[10:4] 6 tn Heb “so these uncircumcised ones might not come and abuse me.”
[10:6] 7 tn Heb “all his house.” This is probably to be understood as a general summary statement. It could include other males in Saul’s household besides his three sons, cf. 1 Sam 31:6. If it refers only to the male members of his household who would have stood in succession to the throne (cf. NLT, “bringing his dynasty to an end,”) even here there is an exception, since one of Saul’s sons, Eshbaal (or “Ishbosheth” in 2 Sam 2:8) was not killed in the battle and became king over Israel, which he ruled for two years (2 Sam 2:10) until he was assassinated by Rechab and Baanah (2 Sam 4:5-6). The tribe of Judah never acknowledged Ishbosheth as king; instead they followed David (2 Sam 2:10).
[10:7] 8 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the army) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:10] 9 tn Or “god.” The Hebrew term may be translated as singular or plural depending on the context.
[10:12] 10 tn Heb “arose and carried away the corpse of Saul and the corpses of his sons.”
[10:12] 11 tn Heb “their bones.”
[10:13] 12 tn Heb “and Saul died because of his unfaithfulness by which he acted unfaithfully against the
[10:14] 13 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[11:1] 14 tn Heb “look, your bone and your flesh [are] we.”
[11:2] 15 tn Heb “you were the one who led out and the one who brought in Israel.”
[11:3] 18 tn Or “They poured olive oil on David to designate him as king.”
[11:3] 19 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[11:4] 20 tn Heb “all Israel.”
[11:4] 21 sn Jebus was an older name for the city of Jerusalem (cf. Josh 15:8; Judg 1:21).
[11:4] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[11:4] 22 tn Heb “and there [were] the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land.”
[11:6] 23 sn Verse 6 inserts into the narrative parenthetical information about Joab’s role in the conquest of the city. Verse 7 then picks up where v. 5 left off.
[11:6] 24 tn Or perhaps “strikes down.”
[11:6] 25 tn Heb “head and officer.”
[11:8] 28 tn Heb “to that which surrounds.” On the referent here as “the surrounding walls,” see HALOT 740 s.v. סָבִיב.
[11:9] 29 tn Heb “and David went, going and becoming great, and the
[11:10] 30 tn Heb “and these were the heads of the warriors who were David’s, who held strongly with him in his kingdom and with all Israel to make him king, according to the word of the
[11:11] 31 tn Heb “and these are the number of the warriors who were David’s.”
[11:11] 32 tc The marginal reading (Qere) has “officers;” the consonantal text (Kethib) has “the Thirty” (see v. 15).
[11:11] 33 tn Heb “he was wielding his spear against 300, [who were] slain at one time.”
[11:12] 34 tn Heb “after him.”
[11:13] 35 tc Some read here “Ephes Dammim.” See 1 Sam 17:1.
[11:14] 36 tn Heb “delivered it.”
[11:14] 37 tn Heb “and the
[11:16] 38 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[11:17] 39 tn Heb “Who will give me water to drink?” On the rhetorical use of מִי (mi) here, see BDB 566 s.v. f.
[11:18] 40 tn Heb “the three,” referring to the three elite warriors mentioned in v. 12.
[11:19] 41 tn Heb “Far be it to me from my God from doing this.”
[11:19] 42 tn Heb “with their lives.” The same expression occurs later in this verse.
[11:19] 43 tn Heb “These things the three warriors did.”
[11:20] 44 tc The Syriac reads “thirty” here and at the beginning of v. 21; this reading is followed by some English translations (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
[11:20] 45 tn Heb “he was wielding his spear against three hundred, [who were] slain.”
[11:20] 46 tn Heb “and to him [reading with the Qere] there was a name among the three.”
[11:21] 48 tn Heb “of the three.”
[11:22] 49 tc Heb “the two of Ariel, Moab.” The precise meaning of אֲרִיאֵל (’ari’el) is uncertain; some read “warrior.” The present translation assumes that the word is a proper name and that בְּנֵי (bÿney, “sons of”) has accidentally dropped from the text by homoioarcton (note the preceding שְׁנֵי, shÿney).
[11:23] 50 tn Heb “five cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 inches for the standard cubit, this individual would be 7.5 feet (2.3 m) tall.
[11:23] 51 tn Heb “went down to.”
[11:26] 53 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[11:27] 54 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:25 has the variant spelling of “Shammah.”
[11:27] 55 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:26 has the variant spelling of “Paltite.”
[11:29] 56 tn In 2 Sam 23:27 this individual’s name is given as “Mebunnai.”
[11:29] 57 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:28 has the variant “Zalmon.”
[11:31] 58 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:29 has the variant spelling “Ittai.”
[11:32] 59 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:28 has the variant spelling “Hiddai.”
[11:32] 60 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:31 has the variant spelling “Abi-Albon.”
[11:33] 61 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:31 has the variant spelling “Barhumite.”
[11:34] 62 tn In 2 Sam 23:32 this individual’s name is given as “Jashen.”
[11:34] 63 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:33 has the variant spelling “Shammah.”
[11:35] 64 tn In 2 Sam 23:33 this individual’s name is given as “Sharar.”
[11:35] 65 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:34 has the variant “Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite.”
[11:37] 66 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:35 has the variant spelling “Hezrai.”
[11:38] 67 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:36 has the variant “Igal son of Nathan from Zobah.”
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