Yesaya 10:6

10:6 I sent him ¹  against a godless ²  nation,

I ordered him to attack the people with whom I was angry, ³ 

to take plunder and to carry away loot,

to trample them down ⁴  like dirt in the streets.

Yesaya 25:10

25:10 For the Lord’s power will make this mountain secure. ⁵ 

Moab will be trampled down where it stands, ⁶ 

as a heap of straw is trampled down in ⁷  a manure pile.

Yesaya 63:3-4

63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;

no one from the nations joined me.

I stomped on them ⁸  in my anger;

I trampled them down in my rage.

Their juice splashed on my garments,

and stained ⁹  all my clothes.

63:4 For I looked forward to the day of vengeance,

and then payback time arrived. ¹⁰ 

Mikha 7:10

7:10 When my enemies see this, they will be covered with shame.

They say ¹¹  to me, “Where is the Lord your God?”

I will gloat over them. ¹² 

Then they will be trampled down ¹³ 

like mud in the streets.

Wahyu 14:19

14:19 So ¹⁴  the angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes from the vineyard ¹⁵  of the earth and tossed them into the great ¹⁶  winepress of the wrath of God.

Wahyu 19:15

19:15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. ¹⁷  He ¹⁸  will rule ¹⁹  them with an iron rod, ²⁰  and he stomps the winepress ²¹  of the furious ²²  wrath of God, the All-Powerful. ²³ 

[10:6]  ¹ sn Throughout this section singular forms are used to refer to Assyria; perhaps the king of Assyria is in view (see v. 12).

[10:6]  ² tn Or “defiled”; cf. ASV “profane”; NAB “impious”; NCV “separated from God.”

[10:6]  ³ tn Heb “and against the people of my anger I ordered him.”

[10:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “to make it [i.e., the people] a trampled place.”

[25:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “for the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain”; TEV “will protect Mount Zion”; NCV “will protect (rest on NLT) Jerusalem.”

[25:10]  ⁶ tn Heb “under him,” i.e., “in his place.”

[25:10]  ⁷ tc The marginal reading (Qere) is בְּמוֹ (bÿmo, “in”). The consonantal text (Kethib) has בְּמִי (bÿmi, “in the water of”).

[63:3]  ⁸ sn Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.

[63:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, combining the first person forms of the imperfect (note the alef prefix) and perfect (note the תי- ending).

[63:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “for the day of vengeance was in my heart, and the year of my revenge came.” The term גְּאוּלַי (gÿ’ulai) is sometimes translated here “my redemption,” for the verbal root גאל often means “deliver, buy back.” A גֹּאֵל (go’el, “kinsman-redeemer”) was responsible for protecting the extended family’s interests, often by redeeming property that had been sold outside the family. However, the responsibilities of a גֹּאֵל extended beyond financial concerns. He was also responsible for avenging the shed blood of a family member (see Num 35:19-27; Deut 19:6-12). In Isa 63:4, where vengeance is a prominent theme (note the previous line), it is probably this function of the family protector that is in view. The Lord pictures himself as a blood avenger who waits for the day of vengeance to arrive and then springs into action.

[7:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “who say.” A new sentence was begun here in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[7:10]  ¹² tn Heb “My eyes will look on them.”

[7:10]  ¹³ tn Heb “a trampled-down place.”

[14:19]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s directions.

[14:19]  ¹⁵ tn Or “vine.” BDAG 54 s.v. ἄμπελος a states, “τρυγᾶν τοὺς βότρυας τῆς ἀ. τῆς γῆς to harvest the grapes fr. the vine of the earth (i.e. fr. the earth, symbol. repr. as a grapevine) Rv 14:18f; but ἀ may be taking on the meaning of ἀμπελών, as oft. in pap., possibly PHib. 70b, 2 [III bc].” The latter alternative has been followed in the translation (ἀμπελών = “vineyard”).

[14:19]  ¹⁶ tn Although the gender of μέγαν (megan, masc.) does not match the gender of ληνόν (lhnon, fem.) it has been taken to modify that word (as do most English translations).

[19:15]  ¹⁷ tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

[19:15]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[19:15]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “will shepherd.”

[19:15]  ²⁰ tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

[19:15]  sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).

[19:15]  ²¹ sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.

[19:15]  ²² tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).

[19:15]  ²³ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”