Imamat 11:15

11:15 every kind of crow, ¹ 

Ulangan 14:14

14:14 every raven after its species,

Ulangan 14:1

The Holy and the Profane

14:1 You are children ²  of the Lord your God. Do not cut yourselves or shave your forehead bald ³  for the sake of the dead.

1 Raja-raja 17:4

17:4 Drink from the stream; I have already told ⁴  the ravens to bring you food ⁵  there.”

1 Raja-raja 17:6

17:6 The ravens would bring him bread and meat each morning and evening, and he would drink from the stream.

Ayub 38:41

38:41 Who prepares prey for the raven,

when its young cry out to God

and wander about ⁶  for lack of food?

Mazmur 147:9

147:9 He gives food to the animals,

and to the young ravens when they chirp. ⁷ 

Amsal 30:17

30:17 The eye ⁸  that mocks at a father

and despises obeying ⁹  a mother –

the ravens of the valley will peck it out

and the young vultures will eat it. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 34:11

34:11 Owls and wild animals ¹¹  will live there, ¹² 

all kinds of wild birds ¹³  will settle in it.

The Lord ¹⁴  will stretch out over her

the measuring line of ruin

and the plumb line ¹⁵  of destruction. ¹⁶ 

Lukas 12:24

12:24 Consider the ravens: ¹⁷  They do not sow or reap, they have no storeroom or barn, yet God feeds ¹⁸  them. How much more valuable are you than the birds!

[11:15]  ¹ tn Heb “every crow to its kind.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) render this as “raven.”

[14:1]  ² tn Heb “sons” (so NASB); TEV, NLT “people.”

[14:1]  ³ sn Do not cut yourselves or shave your forehead bald. These were pagan practices associated with mourning the dead; they were not be imitated by God’s people (though they frequently were; cf. 1 Kgs 18:28; Jer 16:6; 41:5; 47:5; Hos 7:14 [LXX]; Mic 5:1). For other warnings against such practices see Lev 21:5; Jer 16:5.

[17:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “commanded.”

[17:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “to provide for you.”

[38:41]  ⁶ tn The verse is difficult, making some suspect that a line has dropped out. The little birds in the nest hardly go wandering about looking for food. Dhorme suggest “and stagger for lack of food.”

[147:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “which cry out.”

[30:17]  ⁸ sn The “eye” as the organ that exhibits the inner feelings most clearly, here represents a look of scorn or disdain that speaks volumes (a metonymy of cause or of adjunct). It is comparable to the “evil eye” which is stinginess (28:22).

[30:17]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew word לִיקֲּהַת (liqqahat, “obeying”) occurs only here and in Gen 49:10; it seems to mean “to receive” in the sense of “receiving instruction” or “obeying.” C. H. Toy suggests emending to “to old age” (לְזִקְנַת, lÿziqnat) of the mother (Proverbs [ICC], 530). The LXX with γῆρας (ghra", “old age”) suggests that a root lhq had something to do with “white hair.” D. W. Thomas suggests a corruption from lhyqt to lyqht; it would have read, “The eye that mocks a father and despises an aged mother” (“A Note on לִיקֲּהַת in Proverbs 30:17,” JTS 42 [1941]: 154-55); this is followed by NAB “or scorns an aged mother.”

[30:17]  ¹⁰ sn The sternest punishment is for the evil eye. The punishment is talionic – eye for eye. The reference to “the valley” may indicate a place where people are not be given decent burials and the birds of prey pick the corpses clean. It is an image the prophets use in judgment passages.

[34:11]  ¹¹ tn קָאַת (qa’at) refers to some type of bird (cf. Lev 11:18; Deut 14:17) that was typically found near ruins (see Zeph 2:14). קִפּוֹד (qippod) may also refer to a type of bird (NAB “hoot owl”; NIV “screech owl”; TEV “ravens”), but some have suggested a rodent may be in view (cf. NCV “small animals”; ASV “porcupine”; NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”).

[34:11]  ¹² tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV).

[34:11]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text has יַנְשׁוֹף וְעֹרֵב (yanshof vÿ’orev). Both the יַנְשׁוֹף (“owl”; see Lev 11:17; Deut 14:16) and עֹרֵב (“raven”; Lev 11:15; Deut 14:14) were types of wild birds.

[34:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[34:11]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “stones,” i.e., the stones used in a plumb bob.

[34:11]  ¹⁶ sn The metaphor in v. 11b emphasizes that God has carefully planned Edom’s demise.

[12:24]  ¹⁷ tn Or “crows.” Crows and ravens belong to the same family of birds. English uses “crow” as a general word for the family. Palestine has several indigenous members of the crow family.

[12:24]  ¹⁸ tn Or “God gives them food to eat.” L&N 23.6 has both “to provide food for” and “to give food to someone to eat.”