2 Tawarikh 1:1-17
Konteks1:1 Solomon son of David solidified his royal authority, 1 for 2 the Lord his God was with him and magnified him greatly.
1:2 Solomon addressed all Israel, including those who commanded units of a thousand and a hundred, the judges, and all the leaders of all Israel who were heads of families. 1:3 Solomon and the entire assembly went to the worship center 3 in Gibeon, for the tent where they met God 4 was located there, which Moses the Lord’s servant had made in the wilderness. 1:4 (Now David had brought up the ark of God from Kiriath Jearim to the place he had prepared for it, for he had pitched a tent for it in Jerusalem. 5 1:5 But the bronze altar made by Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur, was in front of the Lord’s tabernacle. 6 Solomon and the entire assembly prayed to him 7 there.) 1:6 Solomon went up to the bronze altar before the Lord which was at the meeting tent, and he offered up a thousand burnt sacrifices.
1:7 That night God appeared 8 to Solomon and said to him, “Tell me 9 what I should give you.” 1:8 Solomon replied to God, “You demonstrated 10 great loyalty to my father David and have made me king in his place. 1:9 Now, Lord God, may your promise 11 to my father David be realized, 12 for you have made me king over a great nation as numerous as the dust of the earth. 1:10 Now give me wisdom and discernment so 13 I can effectively lead this nation. 14 Otherwise 15 no one is able 16 to make judicial decisions for 17 this great nation of yours.” 18
1:11 God said to Solomon, “Because you desire this, 19 and did not ask for riches, wealth, and honor, or for vengeance on your enemies, 20 and because you did not ask for long life, 21 but requested wisdom and discernment so you can make judicial decisions for my people over whom I have made you king, 1:12 you are granted wisdom and discernment. 22 Furthermore I am giving you riches, wealth, and honor surpassing that of any king before or after you.” 23
1:13 Solomon left the meeting tent at the worship center in Gibeon and went to Jerusalem, where he reigned over Israel. 24
1:14 Solomon accumulated 25 chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem. 26 1:15 The king made silver and gold as plentiful 27 in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was 28 as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the lowlands. 29 1:16 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt 30 and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 1:17 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt, and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria. 31
Hakim-hakim 6:1-40
Konteks6:1 The Israelites did evil in the Lord’s sight, 32 so the Lord turned them over to 33 Midian for seven years. 6:2 The Midianites 34 overwhelmed Israel. 35 Because of Midian the Israelites made shelters 36 for themselves in the hills, as well as caves and strongholds. 6:3 Whenever the Israelites planted their crops, 37 the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east would attack them. 38 6:4 They invaded the land 39 and devoured 40 its crops 41 all the way to Gaza. They left nothing for the Israelites to eat, 42 and they took away 43 the sheep, oxen, and donkeys. 6:5 When they invaded 44 with their cattle and tents, they were as thick 45 as locusts. Neither they nor their camels could be counted. 46 They came to devour 47 the land. 6:6 Israel was so severely weakened by Midian that the Israelites cried out to the Lord for help.
6:7 When the Israelites cried out to the Lord for help because of Midian, 6:8 he 48 sent a prophet 49 to the Israelites. He said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I brought you up from Egypt 50 and took you out of that place of slavery. 51 6:9 I rescued you from Egypt’s power 52 and from the power of all who oppressed you. I drove them out before you and gave their land to you. 6:10 I said to you, “I am the Lord your God! Do not worship 53 the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you are now living!” But you have disobeyed me.’” 54
6:11 The Lord’s angelic messenger 55 came and sat down under the oak tree in Ophrah owned by Joash the Abiezrite. He arrived while Joash’s son Gideon 56 was threshing 57 wheat in a winepress 58 so he could hide it from the Midianites. 59 6:12 The Lord’s messenger appeared and said to him, “The Lord is with you, courageous warrior!” 6:13 Gideon said to him, “Pardon me, 60 but if the Lord is with us, why has such disaster 61 overtaken us? Where are all his miraculous deeds our ancestors told us about? They said, 62 ‘Did the Lord not bring us up from Egypt?’ But now the Lord has abandoned us and handed us over to Midian.” 6:14 Then the Lord himself 63 turned to him and said, “You have the strength. 64 Deliver Israel from the power of the Midianites! 65 Have I not sent you?” 6:15 Gideon 66 said to him, “But Lord, 67 how 68 can I deliver Israel? Just look! My clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my family.” 69 6:16 The Lord said to him, “Ah, but 70 I will be with you! You will strike down the whole Midianite army.” 71 6:17 Gideon 72 said to him, “If you really are pleased with me, 73 then give me 74 a sign as proof that it is really you speaking with me. 6:18 Do not leave this place until I come back 75 with a gift 76 and present it to you.” The Lord said, “I will stay here until you come back.”
6:19 Gideon went and prepared a young goat, 77 along with unleavened bread made from an ephah of flour. He put the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot. He brought the food 78 to him under the oak tree and presented it to him. 6:20 God’s messenger said to him, “Put the meat and unleavened bread on this rock, 79 and pour out the broth.” Gideon did as instructed. 80 6:21 The Lord’s messenger touched the meat and the unleavened bread with the tip of his staff. 81 Fire flared up from the rock and consumed the meat and unleavened bread. The Lord’s messenger then disappeared. 82
6:22 When Gideon realized 83 that it was the Lord’s messenger, he 84 said, “Oh no! 85 Master, Lord! 86 I have seen the Lord’s messenger face to face!” 6:23 The Lord said to him, “You are safe! 87 Do not be afraid! You are not going to die!” 6:24 Gideon built an altar for the Lord there, and named it “The Lord is on friendly terms with me.” 88 To this day it is still there in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
6:25 That night the Lord said to him, “Take the bull from your father’s herd, as well as a second bull, one that is seven years old. 89 Pull down your father’s Baal altar and cut down the nearby Asherah pole. 6:26 Then build an altar for the Lord your God on the top of this stronghold according to the proper pattern. 90 Take the second bull and offer it as a burnt sacrifice on the wood from the Asherah pole that you cut down.” 6:27 So Gideon took ten of his servants 91 and did just as the Lord had told him. He was too afraid of his father’s family 92 and the men of the city to do it in broad daylight, so he waited until nighttime. 93
6:28 When the men of the city got up the next morning, they saw 94 the Baal altar pulled down, the nearby Asherah pole cut down, and the second bull sacrificed on the newly built altar. 6:29 They said to one another, 95 “Who did this?” 96 They investigated the matter thoroughly 97 and concluded 98 that Gideon son of Joash had done it. 6:30 The men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son, so we can execute him! 99 He pulled down the Baal altar and cut down the nearby Asherah pole.” 6:31 But Joash said to all those who confronted him, 100 “Must you fight Baal’s battles? 101 Must you rescue him? Whoever takes up his cause 102 will die by morning! 103 If he really is a god, let him fight his own battles! 104 After all, it was his altar that was pulled down.” 105 6:32 That very day Gideon’s father named him Jerub-Baal, 106 because he had said, “Let Baal fight with him, for it was his altar that was pulled down.”
6:33 All the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east 107 assembled. They crossed the Jordan River 108 and camped in the Jezreel Valley. 6:34 The Lord’s spirit took control of 109 Gideon. He blew a trumpet, 110 summoning the Abiezrites to follow him. 111 6:35 He sent messengers throughout Manasseh and summoned them to follow him as well. 112 He also sent messengers throughout Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, and they came up to meet him.
6:36 Gideon said to God, “If you really intend to use me to deliver Israel, 113 as you promised, then give me a sign as proof. 114 6:37 Look, I am putting a wool fleece on the threshing floor. If there is dew only on the fleece, and the ground around it 115 is dry, then I will be sure 116 that you will use me to deliver Israel, 117 as you promised.” 6:38 The Lord did as he asked. 118 When he got up the next morning, he squeezed the fleece, and enough dew dripped from it to fill a bowl. 119 6:39 Gideon said to God, “Please do not get angry at me, when I ask for just one more sign. 120 Please allow me one more test with the fleece. This time make only the fleece dry, while the ground around it is covered with dew.” 121 6:40 That night God did as he asked. 122 Only the fleece was dry and the ground around it was covered with dew.
Yohanes 10:2
Konteks10:2 The one who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.
Hakim-hakim 1:1-36
Konteks1:1 After Joshua died, the Israelites asked 123 the Lord, “Who should lead the invasion against the Canaanites and launch the attack?” 124 1:2 The Lord said, “The men of Judah should take the lead. 125 Be sure of this! I am handing the land over to them.” 126 1:3 The men of Judah said to their relatives, the men of Simeon, 127 “Invade our allotted land with us and help us attack the Canaanites. 128 Then we 129 will go with you into your allotted land.” So the men of Simeon went with them.
1:4 The men of Judah attacked, 130 and the Lord handed the Canaanites and Perizzites over to them. They killed ten thousand men at Bezek. 1:5 They met 131 Adoni-Bezek at Bezek and fought him. They defeated the Canaanites and Perizzites. 1:6 When Adoni-Bezek ran away, they chased him and captured him. Then they cut off his thumbs and big toes. 1:7 Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings, with thumbs and big toes cut off, used to lick up 132 food scraps 133 under my table. God has repaid me for what I did to them.” 134 They brought him to Jerusalem, 135 where he died. 1:8 The men of Judah attacked Jerusalem and captured it. They put the sword to it and set the city on fire.
1:9 Later the men of Judah went down to attack the Canaanites living in the hill country, the Negev, and the lowlands. 136 1:10 The men of Judah attacked the Canaanites living in Hebron. (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba.) They killed Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. 1:11 From there they attacked the people of Debir. 137 (Debir used to be called Kiriath Sepher.) 1:12 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher I will give my daughter Acsah as a wife.” 1:13 When Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, 138 captured it, Caleb 139 gave him his daughter Acsah as a wife.
1:14 One time Acsah 140 came and charmed her father 141 so she could ask him for some land. When she got down from her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What would you like?” 1:15 She answered, “Please give me a special present. 142 Since you have given me land in the Negev, now give me springs of water.” So Caleb gave her both the upper and lower springs. 143
1:16 Now the descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the people of Judah from the City of Date Palm Trees to Arad in the desert of Judah, 144 located in the Negev. 145 They went and lived with the people of Judah. 146
1:17 The men of Judah went with their brothers the men of Simeon 147 and defeated the Canaanites living in Zephath. They wiped out Zephath. 148 So people now call the city Hormah. 149 1:18 The men of Judah captured Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron, and the territory surrounding each of these cities. 150
1:19 The Lord was with the men of Judah. They conquered 151 the hill country, but they could not 152 conquer the people living in the coastal plain, because they had chariots with iron-rimmed wheels. 153 1:20 Caleb received 154 Hebron, just as Moses had promised. He drove out the three Anakites. 1:21 The men of Benjamin, however, did not conquer the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. 155 The Jebusites live with the people of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this very day. 156
1:22 When the men 157 of Joseph attacked 158 Bethel, 159 the Lord was with them. 1:23 When the men of Joseph spied out Bethel (it used to be called Luz), 1:24 the spies spotted 160 a man leaving the city. They said to him, “If you show us a secret entrance into the city, we will reward you.” 1:25 He showed them a secret entrance into the city, and they put the city to the sword. But they let the man and his extended family leave safely. 1:26 He 161 moved to Hittite country and built a city. He named it Luz, and it has kept that name to this very day.
1:27 The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan, Taanach, or their surrounding towns. Nor did they conquer the people living in Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo 162 or their surrounding towns. 163 The Canaanites managed 164 to remain in those areas. 165 1:28 Whenever Israel was strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them.
1:29 The men of Ephraim did not conquer the Canaanites living in Gezer. The Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.
1:30 The men of Zebulun did not conquer the people living in Kitron and Nahalol. 166 The Canaanites lived among them and were forced to do hard labor.
1:31 The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco or Sidon, 167 nor did they conquer Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob. 168 1:32 The people of Asher live among the Canaanites residing in the land because they did not conquer them.
1:33 The men of Naphtali did not conquer the people living in Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath. 169 They live among the Canaanites residing in the land. The Canaanites 170 living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced to do hard labor for them.
1:34 The Amorites forced the people of Dan to live in the hill country. They did not allow them to live in 171 the coastal plain. 1:35 The Amorites managed 172 to remain in Har Heres, 173 Aijalon, and Shaalbim. Whenever the tribe of Joseph was strong militarily, 174 the Amorites were forced to do hard labor. 1:36 The border of Amorite territory ran from the Scorpion Ascent 175 to Sela and on up. 176
[1:1] 1 tn Heb “and Solomon son of David strengthened himself over his kingdom.”
[1:1] 2 tn The disjunctive clause (note the vav [ו] + subject pattern) probably has a causal nuance here.
[1:3] 4 tn Heb “the tent of meeting of God.”
[1:4] 5 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:5] 6 sn The tabernacle was located in Gibeon; see 1 Chr 21:29.
[1:5] 7 tn Heb “sought [or “inquired of”] him.”
[1:7] 8 tn Or “revealed himself.”
[1:9] 12 tn Or “be firm, established.”
[1:10] 13 tn The cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) following the imperative here indicates purpose/result.
[1:10] 14 tn Heb “so I may go out before this nation and come in.” The expression “go out…and come in” here means “to lead” (see HALOT 425 s.v. יצא qal.4).
[1:10] 15 tn Heb “for.” The word “otherwise” is used to reflect the logical sense of the statement.
[1:10] 16 tn Heb “who is able?” The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, “no one.”
[1:10] 18 tn Heb “these numerous people of yours.”
[1:11] 19 tn Heb “because this was in your heart.”
[1:11] 20 tn Heb “the life of those who hate you.”
[1:12] 22 tn Heb “wisdom and discernment are given to you.”
[1:12] 23 tn Heb “which was not so for the kings who were before you, and after you there will not be so.”
[1:13] 24 tn Heb “and Solomon came from the high place which was in Gibeon [to] Jerusalem, from before the tent of meeting, and he reigned over Israel.”
[1:14] 26 tn Heb “he placed them in the chariot cities and with the king in Jerusalem.”
[1:14] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:15] 27 tn The words “as plentiful” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[1:15] 29 tn Heb “as the sycamore fig trees which are in the Shephelah.”
[1:16] 30 sn Because Que is also mentioned, some prefer to see 1 Kgs 10:28-29 as a reference to Mutsur. Que and Mutsur were located in Cilicia or Cappadocia (in modern southern Turkey). See HALOT 625 s.v. מִצְרַיִם.
[1:17] 31 tn Heb “and they brought up and brought out from Egypt a chariot for 600 silver (pieces), and a horse for 150, and in the same way to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram by their hand they brought out.”
[6:1] 32 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[6:1] 33 tn Heb “gave them into the hand of.”
[6:2] 34 tn Heb “the hand of Midian.”
[6:2] 35 tn Heb “The hand of Midian was strong against Israel.”
[6:2] 36 tn Or possibly “secret storage places.” The Hebrew word occurs only here in the Hebrew Bible.
[6:3] 37 tn Heb “Whenever Israel sowed seed.”
[6:3] 38 tn Heb “Midian, Amalek, and the sons of the east would go up, they would go up against him.” The translation assumes that וְעָלוּ (vÿ’alu) is dittographic (note the following עָלָיו, ’alayv).
[6:4] 39 tn Heb “They encamped against them.”
[6:4] 41 tn Heb “the crops of the land.”
[6:4] 42 tn Heb “They left no sustenance in Israel.”
[6:4] 43 tn The words “they took away” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[6:5] 46 tn Heb “To them and to their camels there was no number.”
[6:5] 47 tn Heb “destroy.” The translation “devour” carries through the imagery of a locust plague earlier in this verse.
[6:8] 48 tn Heb “the
[6:8] 49 tn Heb “a man, a prophet.” Hebrew idiom sometimes puts a generic term before a more specific designation.
[6:8] 50 tc Some ancient witnesses read “from the land of Egypt.” מֵאֶרֶץ (me’erets, “from the land [of]”) could have been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton (note the following מִמִּצְרַיִם [mimmitsrayim, “from Egypt”]).
[6:8] 51 tn Heb “of the house of slavery.”
[6:9] 52 tn Heb “hand” (also a second time later in this verse).
[6:10] 53 tn Heb “Do not fear.”
[6:10] 54 tn Heb “you have not listened to my voice.”
[6:11] 55 tn The adjective “angelic” is interpretive.
[6:11] sn The
[6:11] 56 tn Heb “Now Gideon his son…” The Hebrew circumstantial clause (note the pattern vav [ו] + subject + predicate) breaks the narrative sequence and indicates that the angel’s arrival coincided with Gideon’s threshing.
[6:11] 57 tn Heb “beating out.”
[6:11] 58 sn Threshing wheat in a winepress. One would normally thresh wheat at the threshing floor outside the city. Animals and a threshing sledge would be employed. Because of the Midianite threat, Gideon was forced to thresh with a stick in a winepress inside the city. For further discussion see O. Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, 63.
[6:13] 60 tn Heb “But my lord.”
[6:14] 63 sn Some interpreters equate the
[6:14] 64 tn Heb “Go in this strength of yours.”
[6:14] 65 tn Heb “the hand of Midian.”
[6:15] 66 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:15] 67 tn Note the switch to אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Lord”). Gideon seems aware that he is speaking to someone other than, and superior to, the messenger, whom he addressed as אֲדֹנִי (’adoniy, “my lord”) in v. 13.
[6:15] 69 tn Heb “in my father’s house.”
[6:16] 71 tn Heb “You will strike down Midian as one man.” The idiom “as one man” emphasizes the collective unity of a group (see Judg 20:8, 11). Here it may carry the force, “as if they were just one man.”
[6:17] 72 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:17] 73 tn Heb “If I have found favor in your eyes.”
[6:17] 74 tn Heb “perform for me.”
[6:18] 75 tn The Hebrew text adds “to you,” but this has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[6:18] 76 tn Heb “and I will bring out my gift.” The precise nuance of the Hebrew word מִנְחָה (minkhah, “gift”) is uncertain in this context. It may refer to a gift offered as a sign of goodwill or submission. In some cases it is used of a gift offered to appease someone whom the offerer has offended. The word can also carry a sacrificial connotation.
[6:19] 77 tn Heb “a kid from among the goats.”
[6:19] 78 tn The words “the food” are not in the Hebrew text (an implied direct object). They are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[6:20] 79 tn Heb “Take the meat…and put [it] on this rock.”
[6:20] 80 tn Heb “and he did so.”
[6:21] 81 tn Heb “extended the tip of the staff which was in his hand and touched the meat and unleavened bread.”
[6:21] 82 tn Heb “went from his eyes.”
[6:22] 84 tn Heb “Gideon.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[6:22] 86 tn The Hebrew text reads אֲדֹנַי יְהוִה (’adonay yÿhvih, “Lord [the same title used in v. 15],
[6:23] 87 tn Heb “Peace to you.” For a similar use of this idiom to introduce a reassuring word, see Gen 43:23.
[6:24] 88 tn Heb “The
[6:25] 89 tn Or “Take a bull from your father’s herd, the second one, the one seven years old.” Apparently Gideon would need the bulls to pull down the altar.
[6:26] 90 tn Possibly “in a row” or “in a layer,” perhaps referring to the arrangement of the stones used in the altar’s construction.
[6:27] 91 tn Heb “men from among his servants.”
[6:27] 93 tn Heb “so he did it at night.”
[6:28] 94 tn Heb “look!” The narrator uses this word to invite his audience/readers to view the scene through the eyes of the men.
[6:29] 95 tn Heb “each one to his neighbor.”
[6:29] 96 tn Heb “this thing.”
[6:29] 97 tn Heb “they inquired and searched.” The synonyms are joined to emphasize the care with which they conducted their inquiry.
[6:29] 98 tn Heb “and said.” Perhaps the plural subject is indefinite. If so, it could be translated, “they were told.”
[6:30] 99 tn Heb “and let him die.” The jussive form with vav after the imperative is best translated as a purpose clause.
[6:31] 100 tn Heb “to all who stood against him.”
[6:31] 101 tn Heb “Do you fight for Baal?”
[6:31] 102 tn Heb “fights for him.”
[6:31] 103 sn Whoever takes up his cause will die by morning. This may be a warning to the crowd that Joash intends to defend his son and to kill anyone who tries to execute Gideon. Then again, it may be a sarcastic statement about Baal’s apparent inability to defend his own honor. Anyone who takes up Baal’s cause may end up dead, perhaps by the same hand that pulled down the pagan god’s altar.
[6:31] 104 tn Heb “fight for himself.”
[6:31] 105 tn Heb “for he pulled down his altar.” The subject of the verb, if not Gideon, is indefinite (in which case a passive translation is permissible).
[6:32] 106 tn Heb “He called him on that day Jerub-Baal.” The name means, at least by popular etymology, “Let Baal fight!”
[6:33] 107 tn Heb “Midian, Amalek, and the sons of the east.”
[6:33] 108 tn The words “the Jordan River” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[6:34] 110 tn That is, “mustered an army.”
[6:34] 111 tn Heb “Abiezer was summoned after him.”
[6:35] 112 tn Heb “and he also was summoned after him.”
[6:36] 113 tn More literally, “you are about to deliver Israel by my hand.”
[6:36] 114 tn The words “then give me a sign as proof” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[6:37] 115 tn Heb “all the ground.”
[6:37] 117 tn Heb “you will deliver Israel by my hand.”
[6:38] 118 tn Heb “And it was so.”
[6:38] 119 tn Heb “dew dripped from the fleece – a bowl full of water.”
[6:39] 120 tn Heb “Let your anger not rage at me, so that I might speak only this once.”
[6:39] 121 tn Heb “let the fleece alone be dry, while dew is on all the ground.”
[6:40] 122 tn Heb “God did so that night.”
[1:1] 123 tn The Hebrew verb translated “asked” (שָׁאַל, sha’al) refers here to consulting the
[1:1] 124 tn Heb “Who should first go up for us against the Canaanites to attack them?”
[1:2] 125 tn Heb “Judah should go up.”
[1:2] 126 tn The Hebrew exclamation הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally, “Behold”), translated “Be sure of this,” draws attention to the following statement. The verb form in the following statement (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the
[1:3] 127 tn Heb “Judah said to Simeon, his brother.”
[1:3] 128 tn Heb “Come up with me into our allotted land and let us attack the Canaanites.”
[1:3] 129 tn Heb “I.” The Hebrew pronoun is singular, agreeing with the collective singular “Judah” earlier in the verse. English style requires a plural pronoun here, however.
[1:4] 130 tn Heb “Judah went up.”
[1:7] 132 tn Elsewhere this verb usually carries the sense of “to gather; to pick up; to glean,” but “lick up” seems best here in light of the peculiar circumstances described by Adoni-Bezek.
[1:7] 133 tn The words “food scraps” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[1:7] 134 tn Heb “Just as I did, so God has repaid me.” Note that the phrase “to them” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what is meant.
[1:7] 135 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:9] 136 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[1:11] 137 tn Heb “they went from there against the inhabitants of Debir.” The LXX reads the verb as “they went up,” which suggests that the Hebrew text translated by the LXX read וַיַּעַל (vayya’al) rather than the MT’s וַיֵּלֶךְ (vayyelekh). It is possible that this is the text to be preferred in v. 11. Cf. Josh 15:15.
[1:13] 138 tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel was Caleb’s nephew; so CEV).
[1:13] 139 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Caleb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:14] 140 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Acsah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:14] 141 tn Heb “him.” The pronoun could refer to Othniel, in which case one would translate, “she incited him [Othniel] to ask her father for a field.” This is problematic, however, for Acsah, not Othniel, makes the request in v. 15. The LXX has “he [Othniel] urged her to ask her father for a field.” This appears to be an attempt to reconcile the apparent inconsistency and probably does not reflect the original text. If Caleb is understood as the referent of the pronoun, the problem disappears. For a fuller discussion of the issue, see P. G. Mosca, “Who Seduced Whom? A Note on Joshua 15:18 // Judges 1:14,” CBQ 46 (1984): 18-22. The translation takes Caleb to be the referent, specified as “her father.”
[1:15] 142 tn Elsewhere the Hebrew word בְרָכָה (vÿrakhah) is often translated “blessing,” but here it refers to a gift (as in Gen 33:11; 1 Sam 25:27; 30:26; and 2 Kgs 5:15).
[1:15] 143 tn Some translations regard the expressions “springs of water” (גֻּלֹּת מָיִם, gullot mayim) and “springs” (גֻּלֹּת) as place names here (cf. NRSV).
[1:16] 144 tc Part of the Greek
[1:16] 145 tn Heb “[to] the Desert of Judah in the Negev, Arad.”
[1:16] 146 tn The phrase “of Judah” is supplied here in the translation. Some ancient textual witnesses read, “They went and lived with the Amalekites.” This reading, however, is probably influenced by 1 Sam 15:6 (see also Num 24:20-21).
[1:17] 147 tn Heb “Judah went with Simeon, his brother.”
[1:17] 148 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the city of Zephath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:17] 149 sn The name Hormah (חָרְמָה, khormah) sounds like the Hebrew verb translated “wipe out” (חָרַם, kharam).
[1:18] 150 tn Heb “The men of Judah captured Gaza and its surrounding territory, Ashkelon and its surrounding territory, and Ekron and its surrounding territory.”
[1:19] 151 tn Or “seized possession of”; or “occupied.”
[1:19] 152 tc Several textual witnesses support the inclusion of this verb.
[1:19] 153 tn Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255, and the article by R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.
[1:20] 154 tn Heb “they gave to Caleb.”
[1:21] 155 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:21] 156 sn The statement to this very day reflects the perspective of the author, who must have written prior to David’s conquest of the Jebusites (see 2 Sam 5:6-7).
[1:22] 157 tn Heb “house.” This is a metonymy for the warriors from the tribe.
[1:22] 159 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[1:27] 162 map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.
[1:27] 163 tn Heb “The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, the people living in Dor and its surrounding towns, the people living in Ibleam and its surrounding towns, or the people living in Megiddo and its surrounding towns.”
[1:27] 164 tn Or “were determined.”
[1:27] 165 tn Heb “in this land.”
[1:30] 166 tn Heb “the people living in Kitron and the people living in Nahalol.”
[1:31] 167 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[1:31] 168 tn Heb “The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco, the people living in Sidon, Ahlab, Acco, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob.”
[1:33] 169 tn Heb “the people living in Beth Shemesh or the people living in Beth Anath.”
[1:33] 170 tn The term “Canaanites” is supplied here both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[1:34] 171 tn Heb “come down into.”
[1:35] 172 tn Or “were determined.”
[1:35] 173 tn Or “Mount Heres”; the term הַר (har) means “mount” or “mountain” in Hebrew.
[1:35] 174 tn Heb “Whenever the hand of the tribe of Joseph was heavy.”
[1:36] 175 tn Or “the Ascent of Scorpions” (עַקְרַבִּים [’aqrabbim] means “scorpions” in Hebrew).
[1:36] 176 tn Or “Amorite territory started at the Pass of the Scorpions at Sela and then went on up.”
