Yosua 24:23

24:23 Joshua said, ¹  “Now put aside the foreign gods that are among you and submit to ²  the Lord God of Israel.”

Kejadian 31:19

31:19 While Laban had gone to shear his sheep, ³  Rachel stole the household idols ⁴  that belonged to her father.

Keluaran 12:12

12:12 I will pass through ⁵  the land of Egypt in the same ⁶  night, and I will attack ⁷  all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of humans and of animals, ⁸  and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. ⁹  I am the Lord.

[24:23]  ¹ tn The words “Joshua said” are supplied for clarification.

[24:23]  ² tn Heb “bend your heart toward.” The term לֵבָב (levav, “heart”) probably here refers to the people’s volition or will.

[31:19]  ³ tn This disjunctive clause (note the pattern conjunction + subject + verb) introduces a new scene. In the English translation it may be subordinated to the following clause.

[31:19]  ⁴ tn Or “household gods.” Some translations merely transliterate the Hebrew term תְּרָפִים (tÿrafim) as “teraphim,” which apparently refers to household idols. Some contend that possession of these idols guaranteed the right of inheritance, but it is more likely that they were viewed simply as protective deities. See M. Greenberg, “Another Look at Rachel’s Theft of the Teraphim,” JBL 81 (1962): 239-48.

[12:12]  ⁵ tn The verb וְעָבַרְתִּי (vÿ’avarti) is a Qal perfect with vav (ו) consecutive, announcing the future action of God in bringing judgment on the land. The word means “pass over, across, through.” This verb provides a contextual motive for the name “Passover.”

[12:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “this night.”

[12:12]  ⁷ tn The verb נָכָה (nakhah) means “to strike, smite, attack”; it does not always mean “to kill,” but that is obviously its outcome in this context. This is also its use in 2:12, describing how Moses killed the Egyptian and buried him in the sand.

[12:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “from man and to beast.”

[12:12]  ⁹ tn The phrase אֶעֱשֶׂה שְׁפָטִים (’e’eseh shÿfatim) is “I will do judgments.” The statement clearly includes what had begun in Exod 6:1. But the statement that God would judge the gods of Egypt is appropriately introduced here (see also Num 33:4) because with the judgment on Pharaoh and the deliverance from bondage, Yahweh would truly show himself to be the one true God. Thus, “I am Yahweh” is fitting here (see B. Jacob, Exodus, 312).