Yesaya 8:7

8:7 So look, the sovereign master ¹  is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River ²  – the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks. ³ 

Yesaya 10:33

10:33 Look, the sovereign master, the Lord who commands armies,

is ready to cut off the branches with terrifying power. ⁴ 

The tallest trees ⁵  will be cut down,

the loftiest ones will be brought low.

Yesaya 13:4

13:4 ⁶ There is a loud noise on the mountains –

it sounds like a large army! ⁷ 

There is great commotion among the kingdoms ⁸  –

nations are being assembled!

The Lord who commands armies is mustering

forces for battle.

Yesaya 27:12

27:12 At that time ⁹  the Lord will shake the tree, ¹⁰  from the Euphrates River ¹¹  to the Stream of Egypt. Then you will be gathered up one by one, O Israelites. ¹² 

Yesaya 33:21

33:21 Instead the Lord will rule there as our mighty king. ¹³ 

Rivers and wide streams will flow through it; ¹⁴ 

no war galley will enter; ¹⁵ 

no large ships will sail through. ¹⁶ 

[8:7]  ¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[8:7]  ² tn Heb “the mighty and abundant waters of the river.” The referent of “the river” here, the Euphrates River, has been specified in the translation for clarity. As the immediately following words indicate, these waters symbolize the Assyrian king and his armies which will, as it were, inundate the land.

[8:7]  ³ tn Heb “it will go up over all its stream beds and go over all its banks.”

[10:33]  ⁴ tc The Hebrew text reads “with terrifying power,” or “with a crash.” מַעֲרָצָה (ma’aratsah, “terrifying power” or “crash”) occurs only here. Several have suggested an emendation to מַעֲצָד (ma’atsad, “ax”) parallel to “ax” in v. 34; see HALOT 615 s.v. מַעֲצָד and H. Wildberger, Isaiah, 1:448.

[10:33]  sn As in vv. 12 (see the note there) and 18, the Assyrians are compared to a tree/forest in vv. 33-34.

[10:33]  ⁵ tn Heb “the exalted of the height.” This could refer to the highest branches (cf. TEV) or the tallest trees (cf. NIV, NRSV).

[13:4]  ⁶ sn In vv. 4-10 the prophet appears to be speaking, since the Lord is referred to in the third person. However, since the Lord refers to himself in the third person later in this chapter (see v. 13), it is possible that he speaks throughout the chapter.

[13:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “a sound, a roar [is] on the mountains, like many people.”

[13:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “a sound, tumult of kingdoms.”

[27:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “and it will be in that day.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[27:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the Lord will beat out.” The verb is used of beating seeds or grain to separate the husk from the kernel (see Judg 6:11; Ruth 2:17; Isa 28:27), and of beating the olives off the olive tree (Deut 24:20). The latter metaphor may be in view here, where a tree metaphor has been employed in the preceding verses. See also 17:6.

[27:12]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the river,” a frequent designation in the OT for the Euphrates. For clarity most modern English versions substitute the name “Euphrates” for “the river” here.

[27:12]  ¹² sn The Israelites will be freed from exile (likened to beating the olives off the tree) and then gathered (likened to collecting the olives).

[33:21]  ¹³ tn Heb “But there [as] a mighty one [will be] the Lord for us.”

[33:21]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “a place of rivers, streams wide of hands [i.e., on both sides].”

[33:21]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “a ship of rowing will not go into it.”

[33:21]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and a mighty ship will not pass through it.”