Yesaya 24:3

24:3 The earth will be completely devastated

and thoroughly ransacked.

For the Lord has decreed this judgment. ¹ 

Yesaya 30:7

30:7 Egypt is totally incapable of helping. ² 

For this reason I call her

‘Proud one ³  who is silenced.’” ⁴ 

Yesaya 38:13

38:13 I cry out ⁵  until morning;

like a lion he shatters all my bones;

you turn day into night and end my life. ⁶ 

Yesaya 55:4

55:4 Look, I made him a witness to nations, ⁷ 

a ruler and commander of nations.”

[24:3]  ¹ tn Heb “for the Lord has spoken this word.”

[30:7]  ² tn Heb “As for Egypt, with vanity and emptiness they help.”

[30:7]  ³ tn Heb “Rahab” (רַהַב, rahav), which also appears as a name for Egypt in Ps 87:4. The epithet is also used in the OT for a mythical sea monster symbolic of chaos. See the note at 51:9. A number of English versions use the name “Rahab” (e.g., ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) while others attempt some sort of translation (cf. CEV “a helpless monster”; TEV, NLT “the Harmless Dragon”).

[30:7]  ⁴ tn The MT reads “Rahab, they, sitting.” The translation above assumes an emendation of הֵם שָׁבֶת (hem shavet) to הַמָּשְׁבָּת (hammashbat), a Hophal participle with prefixed definite article, meaning “the one who is made to cease,” i.e., “destroyed,” or “silenced.” See HALOT 444-45 s.v. ישׁב.

[38:13]  ⁵ tn The verb form in the Hebrew text is a Piel from שָׁוַה (shavah). There are two homonyms שָׁוַה, one meaning in the Piel “level, smooth out,” the other “set, place.” Neither fits in v. 13. It is likely that the original reading was שִׁוַּעְתִּי (shivva’ti, “I cry out”) from the verbal root שָׁוַע (shava’), which occurs exclusively in the Piel.

[38:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “from day to night you bring me to an end.”

[55:4]  ⁷ sn Ideally the Davidic king was to testify to the nations of God’s greatness (cf. Pss 18:50 HT [18:49 ET]; 22:28 HT [22:27 ET]). See J. H. Eaton, Kingship in the Psalms (SBT), 182-84.