Yesaya 14:9

14:9 Sheol ¹  below is stirred up about you,

ready to meet you when you arrive.

It rouses ²  the spirits of the dead for you,

all the former leaders of the earth; ³ 

it makes all the former kings of the nations

rise from their thrones. ⁴ 

Yesaya 14:21

14:21 Prepare to execute ⁵  his sons

for the sins their ancestors have committed. ⁶ 

They must not rise up and take possession of the earth,

or fill the surface of the world with cities.” ⁷ 

Yesaya 30:12

30:12 For this reason this is what the Holy One of Israel says:

“You have rejected this message; ⁸ 

you trust instead in your ability to oppress and trick, ⁹ 

and rely on that kind of behavior. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 54:4

54:4 Don’t be afraid, for you will not be put to shame!

Don’t be intimidated, ¹¹  for you will not be humiliated!

You will forget about the shame you experienced in your youth;

you will no longer remember the disgrace of your abandonment. ¹² 

[14:9]  ¹ sn Sheol is the proper name of the subterranean world which was regarded as the land of the dead.

[14:9]  ² tn Heb “arousing.” The form is probably a Polel infinitive absolute, rather than a third masculine singular perfect, for Sheol is grammatically feminine (note “stirred up”). See GKC 466 §145.t.

[14:9]  ³ tn Heb “all the rams of the earth.” The animal epithet is used metaphorically here for leaders. See HALOT 903 s.v. *עַתּוּד.

[14:9]  ⁴ tn Heb “lifting from their thrones all the kings of the nations.” הֵקִים (heqim, a Hiphil perfect third masculine singular) should be emended to an infinitive absolute (הָקֵים, haqem). See the note on “rouses” earlier in the verse.

[14:21]  ⁵ tn Or “the place of slaughter for.”

[14:21]  ⁶ tn Heb “for the sin of their fathers.”

[14:21]  ⁷ sn J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:320, n. 10) suggests that the garrison cities of the mighty empire are in view here.

[30:12]  ⁸ tn The sentence actually begins with the word “because.” In the Hebrew text vv. 12-13 are one long sentence.

[30:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “and you trust in oppression and cunning.”

[30:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and you lean on it”; NAB “and depend on it.”

[54:4]  ¹¹ tn Or “embarrassed”; NASB “humiliated…disgraced.”

[54:4]  ¹² tn Another option is to translate, “the disgrace of our widowhood” (so NRSV). However, the following context (vv. 6-7) refers to Zion’s husband, the Lord, abandoning her, not dying. This suggests that an אַלְמָנָה (’almanah) was a woman who had lost her husband, whether by death or abandonment.