Yeremia 51:28

51:28 Prepare the nations to do battle against her. ¹ 

Prepare the kings of the Medes.

Prepare their governors and all their leaders. ² 

Prepare all the countries they rule to do battle against her. ³ 

Yesaya 13:3

13:3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; ⁴ 

I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger, ⁵ 

my boasting, arrogant ones. ⁶ 

Yesaya 41:25

41:25 I have stirred up one out of the north ⁷  and he advances,

one from the eastern horizon who prays in my name. ⁸ 

He steps on ⁹  rulers as if they were clay,

like a potter treading the clay.

[51:28]  ¹ tn See the first translator’s note on 51:27 and compare also 6:4 and the study note there.

[51:28]  ² tn See the translator’s note at 51:23 for the rendering of the terms here.

[51:28]  ³ tc The Hebrew text has a confusing switch of possessive pronouns in this verse: “Consecrate the nations against her, the kings of the Medes, her governors and prefects, and all the land of his dominion.” This has led to a number of different resolutions. The LXX (the Greek version) renders the word “kings” as singular and levels all the pronouns to “his,” paraphrasing the final clause and combining it with “king of the Medes” to read “and of all the earth.” The Latin Vulgate levels them all to the third masculine plural, and this is followed by the present translation as well as a number of other modern English versions (NASB, NIV, NRSV, TEV, NCV). The ASV and NJPS understand the feminine to refer to Media, i.e., “her governors and all her prefects” and understand the masculine in the last line to be a distributive singular referring back to the lands each of the governors and prefects ruled over. This is probably correct but since governors and prefects refer to officials appointed over provinces and vassal states it amounts to much the same interpretation that the Latin Vulgate, the present translation, and other modern English versions have given.

[13:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “my consecrated ones,” i.e., those who have been set apart by God for the special task of carrying out his judgment.

[13:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “my warriors with respect to my anger.”

[13:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “the boasting ones of my pride”; cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV “my proudly exulting ones.”

[41:25]  ⁷ sn That is, Cyrus the Persian. See the note at v. 2.

[41:25]  ⁸ tn Heb “[one] from the rising of the sun [who] calls in my name.”

[41:25]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew text has וְיָבֹא (vÿyavo’, “and he comes”), but this is likely a corruption of an original וַיָּבָס (vayyavas), from בּוּס (bus, “step on”).