Yehezkiel 45:9--46:24

45:9 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction, and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, ¹  declares the sovereign Lord. 45:10 You must use just balances, ²  a just dry measure (an ephah), ³  and a just liquid measure (a bath). ⁴  45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, ⁵  and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure. 45:12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Sixty shekels ⁶  will be a mina for you.

45:13 “‘This is the offering you must offer: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat; a sixth of an ephah from a homer of barley, 45:14 and as the prescribed portion of olive oil, one tenth of a bath from each kor (which is ten baths or a homer, for ten baths make a homer); 45:15 and one sheep from each flock of two hundred, from the watered places of Israel, for a grain offering, burnt offering, and peace offering, to make atonement for them, declares the sovereign Lord. 45:16 All the people of the land will contribute ⁷  to this offering for the prince of Israel. 45:17 It will be the duty of the prince to provide the burnt offerings, the grain offering, and the drink offering at festivals, on the new moons and Sabbaths, at all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel; he will provide the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.

45:18 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the first month, on the first day of the month, you must take an unblemished young bull and purify the sanctuary. 45:19 The priest will take some of the blood of the sin offering and place it on the doorpost of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the doorpost of the gate of the inner court. 45:20 This is what you must do on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins inadvertently or through ignorance; so you will make atonement for the temple.

45:21 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, and for seven days bread made without yeast will be eaten. 45:22 On that day the prince will provide for himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. 45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 45:24 He will provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a gallon ⁸  of olive oil for each ephah of grain. ⁹  45:25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, ¹⁰  he will make the same provisions for the sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering, and for the olive oil, for the seven days.

The Prince’s Offerings

46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east ¹¹  will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. 46:2 The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside, and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening. 46:3 The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons. 46:4 The burnt offering which the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram. 46:5 The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, ¹²  and a gallon ¹³  of olive oil with an ephah. 46:6 On the day of the new moon he will offer ¹⁴  an unblemished young bull, and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish. 46:7 He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, ¹⁵  and a gallon ¹⁶  of olive oil with each ephah of grain. ¹⁷  46:8 When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.

46:9 “‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead. 46:10 When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.

46:11 “‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, ¹⁸  and a gallon ¹⁹  of olive oil with each ephah of grain. ²⁰  46:12 When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out. ²¹ 

46:13 “‘You ²²  will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you ²³  will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon ²⁴  of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.

46:16 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as ²⁵  his inheritance, it will belong to his sons, it is their property by inheritance. 46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; ²⁶  then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”

46:19 Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests which faced north. There I saw ²⁷  a place at the extreme western end. 46:20 He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”

46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed ²⁸  that in every corner of the court there was a court. 46:22 In the four corners of the court were small ²⁹  courts, 70 feet ³⁰  in length and 52½ feet ³¹  in width; the four were all the same size. 46:23 There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around. 46:24 Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”

[45:9]  ¹ sn Evictions of the less fortunate by the powerful are described in 1 Kgs 21:1-16; Jer 22:1-5, 13-17; Ezek 22:25.

[45:10]  ² sn Previous legislation regarding this practice may be found in Lev 19:35-36; Deut 25:13-16; Mic 6:10-12.

[45:10]  ³ tn Heb “ephah,” which was 1/2 bushel.

[45:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “bath,” a liquid measure, was 5 1/2 gallons.

[45:11]  ⁵ sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.

[45:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels.”

[45:16]  ⁷ tn Heb “will be.”

[45:24]  ⁸ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[45:24]  ⁹ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[45:25]  ¹⁰ sn That is, the Feast of Temporary Shelters, traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles (Exod 23:16; 34:22; Deut 16:16).

[46:1]  ¹¹ sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).

[46:5]  ¹² tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”

[46:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:6]  ¹⁴ tn The phrase “he will offer” is not in the Hebrew text but is warranted from the context.

[46:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “with the lambs as his hand can reach.”

[46:7]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:7]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[46:11]  ¹⁸ tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”

[46:11]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:11]  ²⁰ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[46:12]  ²¹ tn Heb “he shall shut the gate after he goes out.”

[46:13]  ²² tc A few Hebrew mss, the LXX, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular (referring to the prince), both here and later in the verse.

[46:14]  ²³ tc Two medieval Hebrew mss, the LXX, the Syriac, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular.

[46:14]  ²⁴ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:16]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew text has no preposition; the LXX reads “from” (see v. 17).

[46:17]  ²⁶ sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).

[46:19]  ²⁷ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[46:21]  ²⁸ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[46:22]  ²⁹ tc The meaning of the Hebrew term is unclear. The LXX and Syriac render “small.”

[46:22]  ³⁰ tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).

[46:22]  ³¹ tn Heb “thirty cubits” (i.e., 15.75 meters).