Yehezkiel 27:19

27:19 and casks of wine ¹  from Izal ²  they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

Yehezkiel 27:13

27:13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise.

Yehezkiel 27:12

27:12 “‘Tarshish ³  was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products.

Yehezkiel 27:17

27:17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, ⁴  millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise.

Yehezkiel 48:14

48:14 They must not sell or exchange any of it; they must not transfer this choice portion of land, for it is set apart ⁵  to the Lord.

Yehezkiel 27:22

27:22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products.

Yehezkiel 27:14

27:14 Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, ⁶  and mules for your products.

Yehezkiel 27:16

27:16 Edom ⁷  was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products.

Yehezkiel 27:15

27:15 The Dedanites ⁸  were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid ⁹  you with ivory tusks and ebony.

Yehezkiel 27:9

27:9 The elders of Gebal ¹⁰  and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; ¹¹ 

all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise. ¹² 

Yehezkiel 27:18

27:18 Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar,

[27:19]  ¹ tc The MT leaves v. 18 as an incomplete sentence and begins v. 19 with “and Dan and Javan (Ionia) from Uzal.” The LXX mentions “wine.” The translation follows an emendation assuming some confusions of vav and yod. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:82.

[27:19]  ² sn According to L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:82), Izal was located between Haran and the Tigris and was famous for its wine.

[27:12]  ³ sn Tarshish refers to a distant seaport sometimes believed to be located in southern Spain (others identified it as Carthage in North Africa). In any event it represents here a distant, rich, and exotic port which was a trading partner of Tyre.

[27:17]  ⁴ sn The location is mentioned in Judg 11:33.

[48:14]  ⁵ tn Or “holy.”

[27:14]  ⁶ tn The way in which these horses may have been distinguished from other horses is unknown. Cf. ASV “war-horses” (NASB, NIV, NRSV, CEV all similar); NLT “chariot horses.”

[27:16]  ⁷ tc Many Hebrew mss, Aquila’s Greek translation, and the Syriac version read “Edom.” The LXX reads “man,” a translation which assumes the same consonants as Edom. This reading is supported from the context as the text deals with Damascus, the capital of Syria (Aram), later (in v. 18).

[27:15]  ⁸ tn Heb “sons of Dedan.”

[27:15]  ⁹ tn Heb “they returned as your gift.”

[27:9]  ¹⁰ sn Another Phoenician coastal city located between Sidon and Arvad.

[27:9]  ¹¹ tn Heb “strengthening damages.” Here “to strengthen” means to repair. The word for “damages” occurs several times in 1 Kgs 12 about some type of damage to the temple, which may have referred to or included cracks. Since the context describes Tyre in its glory, we do not expect this reference to damages to be of significant scale, even if there are repairmen. This may refer to using pitch to seal the seams of the ship, which had to be done periodically and could be considered routine maintenance rather than repair of damage.

[27:9]  ¹² sn The reference to “all the ships of the sea…within you” suggests that the metaphor is changing; previously Tyre had been described as a magnificent ship, but now the description shifts back to an actual city. The “ships of the sea” were within Tyre’s harbor. Verse 11 refers to “walls” and “towers” of the city.