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[19:16] 1 tn Heb “violent” (חָמָס, khamas). This is a witness whose motivation from the beginning is to do harm to the accused and who, therefore, resorts to calumny and deceit. See I. Swart and C. VanDam, NIDOTTE 2:177-80.
[19:16] 2 tn Or “rebellion.” Rebellion against God’s law is in view (cf. NAB “of a defection from the law”).