Ulangan 2:30

2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ¹  God had made him obstinate ²  and stubborn ³  so that he might deliver him over to you ⁴  this very day.

Ulangan 4:38-39

4:38 to dispossess nations greater and stronger than you and brought you here this day to give you their land as your property. ⁵  4:39 Today realize and carefully consider that the Lord is God in heaven above and on earth below – there is no other!

Ulangan 11:29

11:29 When the Lord your God brings you into the land you are to possess, you must pronounce the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal. ⁶ 

Ulangan 15:12

Release of Debt Slaves

15:12 If your fellow Hebrew ⁷  – whether male or female ⁸  – is sold to you and serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you must let that servant ⁹  go free. ¹⁰ 

Ulangan 28:53

28:53 You will then eat your own offspring, ¹¹  the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you, because of the severity of the siege ¹²  by which your enemies will constrict you.

[2:30]  ¹ tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

[2:30]  ² tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

[2:30]  ³ tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

[2:30]  ⁴ tn Heb “into your hand.”

[4:38]  ⁵ tn Heb “(as) an inheritance,” that is, landed property that one can pass on to one’s descendants.

[11:29]  ⁶ sn Mount Gerizim…Mount Ebal. These two mountains are near the ancient site of Shechem and the modern city of Nablus. The valley between them is like a great amphitheater with the mountain slopes as seating sections. The place was sacred because it was there that Abraham pitched his camp and built his first altar after coming to Canaan (Gen 12:6). Jacob also settled at Shechem for a time and dug a well from which Jesus once requested a drink of water (Gen 33:18-20; John 4:5-7). When Joshua and the Israelites finally brought Canaan under control they assembled at Shechem as Moses commanded and undertook a ritual of covenant reaffirmation (Josh 8:30-35; 24:1, 25). Half the tribes stood on Mt. Gerizim and half on Mt. Ebal and in antiphonal chorus pledged their loyalty to the Lord before Joshua and the Levites who stood in the valley below (Josh 8:33; cf. Deut 27:11-13).

[15:12]  ⁷ sn Elsewhere in the OT, the Israelites are called “Hebrews” (עִבְרִי, ’ivriy) by outsiders, rarely by themselves (cf. Gen 14:13; 39:14, 17; 41:12; Exod 1:15, 16, 19; 2:6, 7, 11, 13; 1 Sam 4:6; Jonah 1:9). Thus, here and in the parallel passage in Exod 21:2-6 the term עִבְרִי may designate non-Israelites, specifically a people well-known throughout the ancient Near East as ’apiru or habiru. They lived a rather vagabond lifestyle, frequently hiring themselves out as laborers or mercenary soldiers. While accounting nicely for the surprising use of the term here in an Israelite law code, the suggestion has against it the unlikelihood that a set of laws would address such a marginal people so specifically (as opposed to simply calling them aliens or the like). More likely עִבְרִי is chosen as a term to remind Israel that when they were “Hebrews,” that is, when they were in Egypt, they were slaves. Now that they are free they must not keep their fellow Israelites in economic bondage. See v. 15.

[15:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “your brother, a Hebrew (male) or Hebrew (female).”

[15:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “him.” The singular pronoun occurs throughout the passage.

[15:12]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew text includes “from you.”

[28:53]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”

[28:53]  ¹² tn Heb “siege and stress.”