Rut 2:2
Konteks2:2 One day Ruth the Moabite said to Naomi, “Let me go 1 to the fields so I can gather 2 grain behind whoever permits me to do so.” 3 Naomi 4 replied, “You may go, my daughter.”
Rut 2:20
Konteks2:20 Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, “May he be rewarded by the Lord because he 5 has shown loyalty to the living on behalf of the dead!” 6 Then Naomi said to her, “This man is a close relative of ours; he is our guardian.” 7
Rut 3:15
Konteks3:15 Then he said, “Hold out the shawl 8 you are wearing 9 and grip it tightly.” As she held it tightly, he measured out about sixty pounds 10 of barley into the shawl and put it on her shoulders. Then he 11 went into town,
Rut 4:1
Konteks4:1 Now Boaz went up 12 to the village gate and sat there. Then along came the guardian 13 whom Boaz had mentioned to Ruth! 14 Boaz said, “Come 15 here and sit down, ‘John Doe’!” 16 So he came 17 and sat down.
Rut 4:9-10
Konteks4:9 Then Boaz said to the leaders and all the people, “You are witnesses today that I have acquired from Naomi all that belonged to Elimelech, Kilion, and Mahlon. 4:10 I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite, the wife of Mahlon, as my wife to raise up a descendant who will inherit his property 18 so the name of the deceased might not disappear 19 from among his relatives and from his village. 20 You are witnesses today.”
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[2:2] 1 tn The cohortative here (“Let me go”) expresses Ruth’s request. Note Naomi’s response, in which she gives Ruth permission to go to the field.
[2:2] 2 tn Following the preceding cohortative, the cohortative with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result.
[2:2] 3 tn Heb “anyone in whose eyes I may find favor” (ASV, NIV similar). The expression אֶמְצָא־חֵן בְּעֵינָיו (’emtsa’-khen bÿ’enayv, “to find favor in the eyes of [someone]”) appears in Ruth 2:2, 10, 13. It is most often used when a subordinate or servant requests permission for something from a superior (BDB 336 s.v. חֵן). Ruth will play the role of the subordinate servant, seeking permission from a landowner, who then could show benevolence by granting her request to glean in his field behind the harvest workers.
[2:2] 4 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Naomi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:20] 5 tn Many English versions translate this statement, “May he [Boaz] be blessed by the
[2:20] 6 tn Heb “to the living and the dead” (so KJV, NASB).
[2:20] 7 tn The Hebrew term גָּאַל (ga’al) is sometimes translated “redeemer” here (NIV “one of our kinsman-redeemers”; NLT “one of our family redeemers”). In this context Boaz, as a “redeemer,” functions as a guardian of the family interests who has responsibility for caring for the widows of his deceased kinsmen.
[3:15] 8 tn Or “cloak” (so NAB, NRSV, NLT); CEV “cape.” The Hebrew noun occurs only here and in Isa 3:22.
[3:15] 9 tn Heb “which [is] upon you”; NIV, NRSV “you are wearing.”
[3:15] 10 tn Heb “and she gripped it tightly and he measured out six of barley and placed upon her.” The unit of measure is not indicated in the Hebrew text, although it would probably have been clear to the original hearers of the account. Six ephahs, the equivalent of 180-300 pounds, is clearly too heavy, especially if carried in a garment. Six omers (an omer being a tenth of an ephah) seems too little, since this would have amounted to six-tenths of an ephah, less than Ruth had gleaned in a single day (cf. 2:17). Thus a seah (one third of an ephah) may be in view here; six seahs would amount to two ephahs, about 60 pounds (27 kg). See R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 222, and F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 178.
[3:15] 11 tc The MT preserves the 3rd person masculine singular form וַיָּבֹא (vayyavo’, “then he went”; cf. ASV, NAB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT), while many medieval
[4:1] 12 tn The disjunctive clause structure (note the pattern vav [ו] + subject + verb) here signals the beginning of a new scene.
[4:1] 13 tn Sometimes translated “redeemer.” See the note on the phrase “guardian of the family interests” in 3:9.
[4:1] 14 tn Heb “look, the guardian was passing by of whom Boaz had spoken.”
[4:1] 15 tn Heb “turn aside” (so KJV, NASB); NIV, TEV, NLT “Come over here.”
[4:1] 16 tn Heb “a certain one”; KJV, ASV “such a one.” The expression פְלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי (pÿloni ’almoni) is not the name of the nearest relative, but an idiom which literally means “such and such” or “a certain one” (BDB 811-12 s.v. פְלֹנִי), which is used when one wishes to be ambiguous (1 Sam 21:3; 2 Kgs 6:8). Certainly Boaz would have known his relative’s name, especially in such a small village, and would have uttered his actual name. However the narrator refuses to record his name in a form of poetic justice because he refused to preserve Mahlon’s “name” (lineage) by marrying his widow (see 4:5, 9-10). This close relative, who is a literary foil for Boaz, refuses to fulfill the role of family guardian. Because he does nothing memorable, he remains anonymous in a chapter otherwise filled with names. His anonymity contrasts sharply with Boaz’s prominence in the story and the fame he attains through the child born to Ruth. Because the actual name of this relative is not recorded, the translation of this expression is difficult since contemporary English style expects either a name or title. This is usually supplied in modern translations: “friend” (NASB, NIV, RSV, NRSV, NLT), “so-and-so” (JPS, NJPS). Perhaps “Mr. So-And-So!” or “Mr. No-Name!” makes the point. For discussion see Adele Berlin, Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative, 99-101; R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 233-35; F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 196-97. In the present translation “John Doe” is used since it is a standard designation for someone who is a party to legal proceedings whose true name is unknown.
[4:1] 17 tn Heb “and he turned aside” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “And he went over.”
[4:10] 18 tn Heb “in order to raise up the name of the deceased over his inheritance” (NASB similar).
[4:10] 19 tn Heb “be cut off” (so NASB, NRSV); NAB “may not perish.”
[4:10] 20 tn Heb “and from the gate of his place” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “from the court of his birth place”; NIV “from the town records.”