Mazmur 35:11-16

35:11 Violent men perjure themselves, ¹ 

and falsely accuse me. ² 

35:12 They repay me evil for the good I have done; ³ 

I am overwhelmed with sorrow. ⁴ 

35:13 When they were sick, I wore sackcloth, ⁵ 

and refrained from eating food. ⁶ 

(If I am lying, may my prayers go unanswered!) ⁷ 

35:14 I mourned for them as I would for a friend or my brother. ⁸ 

I bowed down ⁹  in sorrow as if I were mourning for my mother. ¹⁰ 

35:15 But when I stumbled, they rejoiced and gathered together;

they gathered together to ambush me. ¹¹ 

They tore at me without stopping to rest. ¹² 

35:16 When I tripped, they taunted me relentlessly, ¹³ 

and tried to bite me. ¹⁴ 

[35:11]  ¹ tn Heb “witnesses of violence rise up.”

[35:11]  ² tn Heb “[that] which I do not know they ask me.”

[35:12]  ³ tn Heb “they repay me evil instead of good.”

[35:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “[there is] bereavement to my soul.”

[35:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth.” Sackcloth was worn by mourners. When the psalmist’s enemies were sick, he was sorry for their misfortune and mourned for them.

[35:13]  ⁶ sn Fasting was also a practice of mourners. By refraining from normal activities, such as eating food, the mourner demonstrated the sincerity of his sorrow.

[35:13]  ⁷ tn Heb “and my prayer upon my chest will return.” One could translate, “but my prayer was returning upon my chest,” but the use of the imperfect verbal form sets this line apart from the preceding and following lines (vv. 13a, 14), which use the perfect to describe the psalmist’s past actions.

[35:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “like a friend, like a brother to me I walked about.”

[35:14]  ⁹ sn I bowed down. Bowing down was a posture for mourning. See Ps 38:6.

[35:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “like mourning for a mother [in] sorrow I bowed down.”

[35:15]  ¹¹ tn Heb “they gathered together against me, stricken [ones], and I did not know.” The Hebrew form נֵכִים (nekhim, “stricken ones” ?) is problematic. Some suggest an emendation to נָכְרִים[כְ] (kÿnokhÿrim, “foreigners”) or “like foreigners,” which would fit with what follows, “[like] foreigners that I do not recognize.” Perhaps the form should be read as a Qal active participle, נֹכִים (nokhim, “ones who strike”) from the verbal root נָכָה (nakhah, “to strike”). The Qal of this verb is unattested in biblical Hebrew, but the peal (basic) stem appears in Old Aramaic (J. Fitzmyer, The Aramaic Inscriptions of Sefire [BibOr], 114; DNWSI 1:730.) In this case one might translate, “attackers gathered together against me though I was not aware of it” (cf. NASB “smiters”; NEB, NRSV “ruffians”; NIV “attackers”).

[35:15]  ¹² tn Heb “they tore and did not keep quiet.” By using the verb “tear,” the psalmist likens his enemies to a wild animal (see Hos 13:8). In v. 17 he compares them to hungry young lions.

[35:16]  ¹³ tc The MT reads “as profane [ones] of mockers of food,” which is nonsensical. The present translation assumes (1) an emendation of בְּחַנְפֵי (bÿkhanfey, “as profane men”) to בְּחַנְפִי (bekhanfiy, “when I tripped”; preposition + Qal infinitive construct from II חָנַף [“limp”] + first common singular pronominal suffix) and (2) an emendation of לַעֲגֵי מָעוֹג (la’agey ma’og, “mockers of food”) to עָגוּ[ם]לַעְגָּ (la’gam ’agu, “[with] taunting they taunted”; masculine plural noun with enclitic mem + Qal perfect third common plural from לַּעַג [la’ag, “taunt”]).

[35:16]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “gnashing at me with their teeth.” The infinitive absolute adds a complementary action – they gnashed with their teeth as they taunted.