Markus 15:3

15:3 Then ¹  the chief priests began to accuse him repeatedly.

Lukas 23:2

23:2 They ²  began to accuse ³  him, saying, “We found this man subverting ⁴  our nation, forbidding ⁵  us to pay the tribute tax ⁶  to Caesar ⁷  and claiming that he himself is Christ, ⁸  a king.”

Lukas 23:10

23:10 The chief priests and the experts in the law ⁹  were there, vehemently accusing him. ¹⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 24:5-6

24:5 For we have found ¹¹  this man to be a troublemaker, ¹²  one who stirs up riots ¹³  among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader ¹⁴  of the sect of the Nazarenes. ¹⁵  24:6 He ¹⁶  even tried to desecrate ¹⁷  the temple, so we arrested ¹⁸  him.

[15:3]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[23:2]  ² tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[23:2]  ³ sn They began to accuse him. There were three charges: (1) disturbing Jewish peace; (2) fomenting rebellion through advocating not paying taxes (a lie – 20:20-26); and (3) claiming to be a political threat to Rome, by claiming to be a king, an allusion to Jesus’ messianic claims. The second and third charges were a direct challenge to Roman authority. Pilate would be forced to do something about them.

[23:2]  ⁴ tn On the use of the term διαστρέφω (diastrefw) here, see L&N 31.71 and 88.264.

[23:2]  sn Subverting our nation was a summary charge, as Jesus “subverted” the nation by making false claims of a political nature, as the next two detailed charges show.

[23:2]  ⁵ tn Grk “and forbidding.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated to suggest to the English reader that this and the following charge are specifics, while the previous charge was a summary one. See the note on the word “misleading” earlier in this verse.

[23:2]  ⁶ tn This was a “poll tax.” L&N 57.182 states this was “a payment made by the people of one nation to another, with the implication that this is a symbol of submission and dependence – ‘tribute tax.’”

[23:2]  ⁷ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[23:2]  ⁸ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[23:2]  sn See the note on Christ in 2:11.

[23:10]  ⁹ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.

[23:10]  ¹⁰ sn Luke portrays the Jewish leadership as driving events toward the cross by vehemently accusing Jesus.

[24:5]  ¹¹ tn Grk “For having found.” The participle εὑρόντες (Jeurontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[24:5]  ¹² tn L&N 22.6 has “(a figurative extension of meaning of λοιμός ‘plague,’ 23.158) one who causes all sorts of trouble – ‘troublemaker, pest.’ … ‘for we have found this man to be a troublemaker” Ac 24:5.”

[24:5]  ¹³ tn Or “dissensions.” While BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 3 translates this phrase “κινεῖν στάσεις (v.l. στάσιν) τισί create dissension among certain people Ac 24:5,” it is better on the basis of the actual results of Paul’s ministry to categorize this usage under section 2, “uprising, riot, revolt, rebellion” (cf. the use in Acts 19:40).

[24:5]  ¹⁴ tn This term is yet another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 894 s.v. πρωτοστάτης).

[24:5]  sn A ringleader. Tertullus’ basic argument was that Paul was a major disturber of the public peace. To ignore this the governor would be shunning his duty to preserve the peace and going against the pattern of his rule. In effect, Tertullus claimed that Paul was seditious (a claim the governor could not afford to ignore).

[24:5]  ¹⁵ sn The sect of the Nazarenes is a designation for followers of Jesus the Nazarene, that is, Christians.

[24:6]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“who”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“he”) and a new sentence begun here in the translation.

[24:6]  ¹⁷ tn Or “profane” (BDAG 173 s.v. βεβηλόω). The term was also used of profaning the Sabbath.

[24:6]  ¹⁸ tn Or “seized.” Grk “whom also we arrested.” Because of the awkwardness of a relative clause in English at this point, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the pronoun “him” as object of the verb.