Ratapan 4:21

The Prophet Speaks:

ש (Sin/Shin)

4:21 Rejoice and be glad for now, ¹  O people of Edom, ² 

who reside in the land of Uz.

But the cup of judgment ³  will pass ⁴  to you also;

you will get drunk and take off your clothes.

Yesaya 47:3

47:3 Let your private parts be exposed!

Your genitals will be on display! ⁵ 

I will get revenge;

I will not have pity on anyone,” ⁶ 

Yeremia 13:22

13:22 You will probably ask yourself, ⁷ 

‘Why have these things happened to me?

Why have I been treated like a disgraced adulteress

whose skirt has been torn off and her limbs exposed?’ ⁸ 

It is because you have sinned so much. ⁹ 

Yeremia 13:26

13:26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face

and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress! ¹⁰ 

Yehezkiel 16:37-39

16:37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. ¹¹  16:38 I will punish you as an adulteress and murderer deserves. ¹²  I will avenge your bloody deeds with furious rage. ¹³  16:39 I will give you into their hands and they will destroy your chambers and tear down your pavilions. They will strip you of your clothing and take your beautiful jewelry and leave you naked and bare.

Yehezkiel 23:29

23:29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, ¹⁴  and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. ¹⁵ 

Hosea 2:3

2:3 Otherwise, I will strip her naked,

and expose her like she was when she was born.

I will turn her land into a wilderness

and make her country a parched land,

so that I might kill ¹⁶  her with thirst.

Hosea 2:10

2:10 Soon ¹⁷  I will expose her lewd nakedness ¹⁸  in front of her lovers,

and no one will be able to rescue her from me! ¹⁹ 

Wahyu 3:18

3:18 take my advice ²⁰  and buy gold from me refined by fire so you can become rich! Buy from me ²¹  white clothing so you can be clothed and your shameful nakedness ²²  will not be exposed, and buy eye salve ²³  to put on your eyes so you can see!

[4:21]  ¹ tn The phrase “for now” is added in the translation to highlight the implied contrast between the present joy of the Gentiles (4:21a) and their future judgment (4:21b).

[4:21]  ² tn Heb “O Daughter of Edom.”

[4:21]  ³ tn Heb “the cup.” Judgment is often depicted as a cup of wine that God forces a person to drink, causing him to lose consciousness, red wine drooling out of his mouth – resembling corpses lying on the ground as a result of the actual onslaught of the Lord’s judgment. The drunkard will reel and stagger, causing bodily injury to himself – an apt metaphor to describe the devastating effects of God’s judgment. Just as a cup of poison kills all those who are forced to drink it, the cup of God’s wrath destroys all those who must drink it (e.g., Ps 75:9; Isa 51:17, 22; Jer 25:15, 17, 28; 49:12; 51:7; Lam 4:21; Ezek 23:33; Hab 2:16).

[4:21]  ⁴ tn The imperfect verb “will pass” may also be a jussive, continuing the element of request, “let the cup pass…”

[47:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “Your shame will be seen.” In this context “shame” is a euphemism referring to the genitals.

[47:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “I will not meet a man.” The verb פָּגַע (pagah) apparently carries the nuance “meet with kindness” here (cf. 64:5, and see BDB 803 s.v. Qal.2).

[13:22]  ⁷ tn Heb “say in your heart.”

[13:22]  ⁸ tn Heb “Your skirt has been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.” This is the generally accepted interpretation of these phrases. See, e.g., BDB 784 s.v. עָקֵב a and HALOT 329 s.v. I חָמַס Nif. The significance of the actions here are part of the metaphor (i.e., personification) of Jerusalem as an adulteress having left her husband and have been explained in the translation for the sake of readers unfamiliar with the metaphor.

[13:22]  sn The actions here were part of the treatment of an adulteress by her husband, intended to shame her. See Hos 2:3, 10 (2:5, 12 HT); Isa 47:4.

[13:22]  ⁹ tn The translation has been restructured to break up a long sentence involving a conditional clause and an elliptical consequential clause. It has also been restructured to define more clearly what “these things” are. The Hebrew text reads: “And if you say, ‘Why have these things happened to me?’ Because of the greatness of your iniquity your skirts [= what your skirt covers] have been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.”

[13:26]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “over your face and your shame will be seen.” The words “like a disgraced adulteress” are not in the text but are supplied in the translation to explain the metaphor. See the notes on 13:22.

[16:37]  ¹¹ sn Harlots suffered degradation when their nakedness was exposed (Jer 13:22, 26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).

[16:38]  ¹² tn Heb “and I will judge you (with) the judgments of adulteresses and of those who shed blood.”

[16:38]  ¹³ tn Heb “and I will give you the blood of rage and zeal.”

[23:29]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.

[23:29]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”

[2:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and kill her with thirst.” The vav prefixed to the verb (וַהֲמִתִּיהָ, vahamittiha) introduces a purpose/result clause: “in order to make her die of thirst” (purpose) or “and thus make her die of thirst” (result).

[2:10]  ¹⁷ tn The particle עַתָּה (’attah) often refers to the imminent or the impending future: “very soon” (BDB 774 s.v. עַתָּה 1.b). In Hosea it normally introduces imminent judgment (Hos 2:12; 4:16; 5:7; 8:8, 13; 10:2).

[2:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “her lewdness” (so KJV, NIV); NAB, NRSV “her shame.”

[2:10]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “out of my hand” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV); TEV “save her from my power.”

[3:18]  ²⁰ tn Grk “I counsel you to buy.”

[3:18]  ²¹ tn Grk “rich, and.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation, repeating the words “Buy from me” to make the connection clear for the English reader.

[3:18]  ²² tn Grk “the shame of the nakedness of you,” which has been translated as an attributed genitive like καινότητι ζωῆς (kainothti zwh") in Rom 6:4 (ExSyn 89-90).

[3:18]  ²³ sn The city of Laodicea had a famous medical school and exported a powder (called a “Phrygian powder”) that was widely used as an eye salve. It was applied to the eyes in the form of a paste the consistency of dough (the Greek term for the salve here, κολλούριον, kollourion [Latin collyrium], is a diminutive form of the word for a long roll of bread).