Kisah Para Rasul 16:3

16:3 Paul wanted Timothy ¹  to accompany him, and he took ²  him and circumcised ³  him because of the Jews who were in those places, ⁴  for they all knew that his father was Greek. ⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 13:14

13:14 Moving on from ⁶  Perga, ⁷  they arrived at Pisidian Antioch, ⁸  and on the Sabbath day they went into ⁹  the synagogue ¹⁰  and sat down.

Kisah Para Rasul 19:29

19:29 The ¹¹  city was filled with the uproar, ¹²  and the crowd ¹³  rushed to the theater ¹⁴  together, ¹⁵  dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions.

[16:3]  ¹ tn Grk “this one”; the referent (Timothy) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:3]  ² tn Grk “and taking him he circumcised him.” The participle λαβών (labwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Paul’s cultural sensitivity showed in his action here. He did not want Timothy’s lack of circumcision to become an issue (1 Cor 9:15-23).

[16:3]  ³ tn The verb περιέτεμεν (perietemen) here may be understood as causative (cf. ExSyn 411-12) if Paul did not personally perform the circumcision.

[16:3]  ⁴ tn Or “who lived in the area.”

[16:3]  ⁵ tn The anarthrous predicate nominative has been translated as qualitative (“Greek”) rather than indefinite (“a Greek”).

[16:3]  sn His father was Greek. Under Jewish law at least as early as the 2nd century, a person was considered Jewish if his or her mother was Jewish. It is not certain whether such a law was in effect in the 1st century, but even if it was, Timothy would not have been accepted as fully Jewish because he was not circumcised.

[13:14]  ⁶ tn Or “Passing by.”

[13:14]  ⁷ sn Perga was a city in Pamphylia near the southern coast of Asia Minor.

[13:14]  ⁸ tn Or “at Antioch in Pisidia.”

[13:14]  sn Pisidian Antioch was a city in Pisidia about 100 mi (160 km) north of Perga. It was both a Roman colony and the seat of military and civil authority in S. Galatia. One had to trek over the Taurus Mountains to get there, since the city was 3,600 ft (1,100 m) above sea level.

[13:14]  map For location see JP1 E2; JP2 E2; JP3 E2; JP4 E2.

[13:14]  ⁹ tn Grk “going into the synagogue they sat down.” The participle εἰσελθόντες (eiselqonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[13:14]  ¹⁰ sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.

[19:29]  ¹¹ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[19:29]  ¹² tn L&N 39.43 has “‘the uproar spread throughout the whole city’ (literally ‘the city was filled with uproar’) Ac 19:29.” BDAG 954 s.v. σύγχυσις has “confusion, tumult.”

[19:29]  ¹³ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:29]  ¹⁴ sn To the theater. This location made the event a public spectacle. The Grand Theater in Ephesus (still standing today) stood facing down the main thoroughfare of the city toward the docks. It had a seating capacity of 25,000.

[19:29]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “to the theater with one accord.”