Keluaran 8:6

8:6 So Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and frogs ¹  came up and covered the land of Egypt.

Keluaran 8:13

8:13 The Lord did as Moses asked ²  – the ³  frogs died out of the houses, the villages, and the fields.

Keluaran 8:25

8:25 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” ⁴ 

Keluaran 8:31

8:31 and the Lord did as Moses asked ⁵  – he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. Not one remained!

Keluaran 22:2

22:2 “If a thief is caught ⁶  breaking in ⁷  and is struck so that he dies, there will be no blood guilt for him. ⁸ 

Keluaran 22:12

22:12 But if it was stolen ⁹  from him, ¹⁰  he will pay its owner.

Keluaran 22:17

22:17 If her father refuses to give her to him, he must pay money for the bride price of virgins.

Keluaran 22:21

22:21 “You must not wrong ¹¹  a foreigner ¹²  nor oppress him, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

Keluaran 22:26

22:26 If you do take ¹³  the garment of your neighbor in pledge, you must return it to him by the time the sun goes down, ¹⁴ 

Keluaran 22:29

22:29 “Do not hold back offerings from your granaries or your vats. ¹⁵  You must give me the firstborn of your sons.

[8:6]  ¹ tn The noun is singular, a collective. B. Jacob notes that this would be the more natural way to refer to the frogs (Exodus, 260).

[8:13]  ² tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, NASB). Just as Moses had told Pharaoh “according to your word” (v. 10), now the Lord does “according to the word” of Moses.

[8:13]  ³ tn Heb “and the frogs died.”

[8:25]  ⁴ sn After the plague is inflicted on the land, then Pharaoh makes an appeal. So there is the familiar confrontation (vv. 25-29). Pharaoh’s words to Moses are an advancement on his previous words. Now he uses imperatives: “Go, sacrifice to your God.” But he restricts it to “in the [this] land.” This is a subtle attempt to keep them as a subjugated people and prevent their absolute allegiance to their God. This offered compromise would destroy the point of the exodus – to leave Egypt and find a new allegiance under the Lord.

[8:31]  ⁵ tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, ASV).

[22:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “found” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV).

[22:2]  ⁷ tn The word בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת (bammakhteret) means “digging through” the walls of a house (usually made of mud bricks). The verb is used only a few times and has the meaning of dig in (as into houses) or row hard (as in Jonah 1:13).

[22:2]  ⁸ tn The text has “there is not to him bloods.” When the word “blood” is put in the plural, it refers to bloodshed, or the price of blood that is shed, i.e., blood guiltiness.

[22:2]  sn This law focuses on what is reasonable defense against burglary. If someone killed a thief who was breaking in during the night, he was not charged because he would not have known it was just a thief, but if it happened during the day, he was guilty of a crime, on the assumption that in daylight the thief posed no threat to the homeowner’s life and could be stopped and made to pay restitution.

[22:12]  ⁹ tn Both with this verb “stolen” and in the next clauses with “torn in pieces,” the text uses the infinitive absolute construction with less than normal emphasis; as Gesenius says, in conditional clauses, an infinitive absolute stresses the importance of the condition on which some consequence depends (GKC 342-43 §113.o).

[22:12]  ¹⁰ sn The point is that the man should have taken better care of the animal.

[22:21]  ¹¹ tn Or “oppress.”

[22:21]  ¹² tn Or “alien,” both here and in 23:9. This individual is a resident foreigner; he lives in the land but, aside from provisions such as this, might easily be without legal rights.

[22:26]  ¹³ tn The construction again uses the infinitive absolute with the verb in the conditional clause to stress the condition.

[22:26]  ¹⁴ tn The clause uses the preposition, the infinitive construct, and the noun that is the subjective genitive – “at the going in of the sun.”

[22:29]  ¹⁵ tn The expressions are unusual. U. Cassuto renders them: “from the fullness of your harvest and from the outflow of your presses” (Exodus, 294). He adds the Hittite parallel material to show that the people were to bring the offerings on time and not let them overlap, because the firstfruits had to be eaten first by the priest.