Keluaran 8:23

8:23 I will put a division ¹  between my people and your people. This sign will take place ²  tomorrow.”’”

Keluaran 10:16

10:16 ³ Then Pharaoh quickly ⁴  summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned ⁵  against the Lord your God and against you!

Keluaran 18:3

18:3 and her two sons, one of whom was named Gershom (for Moses ⁶  had said, “I have been a foreigner in a foreign land”),

Keluaran 23:22

23:22 But if you diligently obey him ⁷  and do all that I command, then I will be an enemy to your enemies, and I will be an adversary to your adversaries.

[8:23]  ¹ tn The word in the text is פְדֻת (pÿdut, “redemption”). This would give the sense of making a distinction by redeeming Israel. The editors wish to read פְלֻת (pÿlut) instead – “a separation, distinction” to match the verb in the preceding verse. For another view, see G. I. Davies, “The Hebrew Text of Exodus VIII 19 [English 23]: An Emendation,” VT 24 (1974): 489-92.

[8:23]  ² tn Heb “this sign will be tomorrow.”

[10:16]  ³ sn The third part of the passage now begins, the confrontation that resulted from the onslaught of the plague. Pharaoh goes a step further here – he confesses he has sinned and adds a request for forgiveness. But his acknowledgment does not go far enough, for this is not genuine confession. Since his heart was not yet submissive, his confession was vain.

[10:16]  ⁴ tn The Piel preterite וַיְמַהֵר (vaymaher) could be translated “and he hastened,” but here it is joined with the following infinitive construct to form the hendiadys. “He hurried to summon” means “He summoned quickly.”

[10:16]  ⁵ sn The severity of the plague prompted Pharaoh to confess his sin against Yahweh and them, now in much stronger terms than before. He also wants forgiveness – but in all probability what he wants is relief from the consequences of his sin. He pretended to convey to Moses that this was it, that he was through sinning, so he asked for forgiveness “only this time.”

[18:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity (also in the following verse).

[23:22]  ⁷ tn The infinitive absolute here does not add as great an emphasis as normal, but emphasizes the condition that is being set forth (see GKC 342-43 §113.o).