Keluaran 6:13
Konteks6:13 The Lord spoke 1 to Moses and Aaron and gave them a charge 2 for the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.
Keluaran 16:16
Konteks16:16 “This is what 3 the Lord has commanded: 4 ‘Each person is to gather 5 from it what he can eat, an omer 6 per person 7 according to the number 8 of your people; 9 each one will pick it up 10 for whoever lives 11 in his tent.’”
Keluaran 18:23
Konteks18:23 If you do this thing, and God so commands you, 12 then you will be able 13 to endure, 14 and all these people 15 will be able to go 16 home 17 satisfied.” 18
Keluaran 19:23
Konteks19:23 Moses said to the Lord, “The people are not able to come up to Mount Sinai, because you solemnly warned us, 19 ‘Set boundaries for the mountain and set it apart.’” 20
Keluaran 20:22
Konteks20:22 21 The Lord said 22 to Moses: “Thus you will tell the Israelites: ‘You yourselves have seen that I have spoken with you from heaven.
[6:13] 1 tn Heb “And Yahweh spoke.”
[6:13] 2 tn The term וַיְצַוֵּם (vayÿtsavvem) is a Piel preterite with a pronominal suffix on it. The verb צָוָה (tsavah) means “to command” but can also have a much wider range of meanings. In this short summary statement, the idea of giving Moses and Aaron a commission to Israel and to Pharaoh indicates that come what may they have their duty to perform.
[16:16] 3 tn Heb “the thing that.”
[16:16] 4 tn The perfect tense could be taken as a definite past with Moses now reporting it. In this case a very recent past. But in declaring the word from Yahweh it could be instantaneous, and receive a present tense translation – “here and now he commands you.”
[16:16] 5 tn The form is the plural imperative: “Gather [you] each man according to his eating.”
[16:16] 6 sn The omer is an amount mentioned only in this chapter, and its size is unknown, except by comparison with the ephah (v. 36). A number of recent English versions approximate the omer as “two quarts” (cf. NCV, CEV, NLT); TEV “two litres.”
[16:16] 7 tn Heb “for a head.”
[16:16] 8 tn The word “number” is an accusative that defines more precisely how much was to be gathered (see GKC 374 §118.h).
[16:16] 9 tn Traditionally “souls.”
[16:16] 10 tn Heb “will take.”
[16:16] 11 tn “lives” has been supplied.
[18:23] 12 tn The form is a Piel perfect with vav (ו) consecutive; it carries the same nuance as the preceding imperfect in the conditional clause.
[18:23] 13 tn The perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive now appears in the apodosis of the conditional sentence – “if you do this…then you will be able.”
[18:23] 14 tn Heb “to stand.” B. Jacob (Exodus, 501) suggests that there might be a humorous side to this: “you could even do this standing up.”
[18:23] 15 tn Literally “this people.”
[18:23] 16 tn The verb is the simple imperfect, “will go,” but given the sense of the passage a potential nuance seems in order.
[18:23] 17 tn Heb “his place.”
[18:23] sn See further T. D. Weinshall, “The Organizational Structure Proposed by Jethro to Moses (Ex. 18:17),” Public Administration in Israel and Abroad 12 (1972): 9-13; and H. Reviv, “The Traditions Concerning the Inception of the Legal System in Israel: Significance and Dating,” ZAW 94 (1982): 566-75.
[19:23] 19 tn The construction is emphatic: “because you – you solemnly warned us.” Moses’ response to God is to ask how they would break through when God had already charged them not to. God knew them better than Moses did.
[19:23] 20 tn Heb “sanctify it.”
[20:22] 21 sn Based on the revelation of the holy sovereign God, this pericope instructs Israel on the form of proper worship of such a God. It focuses on the altar, the centerpiece of worship. The point of the section is this: those who worship this holy God must preserve holiness in the way they worship – they worship where he permits, in the manner he prescribes, and with the blessings he promises. This paragraph is said to open the Book of the Covenant, which specifically rules on matters of life and worship.
