Keluaran 5:4
Konteks5:4 The king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you cause the people to refrain from their work? 1 Return to your labor!”
Keluaran 29:18
Konteks29:18 and burn 2 the whole ram on the altar. It is a burnt offering 3 to the Lord, a soothing aroma; it is an offering made by fire 4 to the Lord. 5
[5:4] 1 sn The clause is a rhetorical question. Pharaoh is not asking them why they do this, but rather is accusing them of doing it. He suspects their request is an attempt to get people time away from their labor. In Pharaoh’s opinion, Moses and Aaron were “removing the restraint” (פָּרַע, para’) of the people in an effort to give them rest. Ironically, under the Law the people would be expected to cease their labor when they went to appear before God. He would give them the rest that Pharaoh refused to give. It should be noted also that it was not Israel who doubted that Yahweh had sent Moses, as Moses had feared – but rather Pharaoh.
[29:18] 2 tn Heb “turn to sweet smoke.”
[29:18] 3 sn According to Lev 1 the burnt offering (often called whole burnt offering, except that the skins were usually given to the priests for income) was an atoning sacrifice. By consuming the entire animal, God was indicating that he had completely accepted the worshiper, and as it was a sweet smelling fire sacrifice, he was indicating that he was pleased to accept it. By offering the entire animal, the worshiper was indicating on his part a complete surrender to God.
[29:18] 4 tn The word אִשֶּׁה (’isheh) has traditionally been translated “an offering made with fire” or the like, because it appears so obviously connected with fire. But further evidence from Ugaritic suggests that it might only mean “a gift” (see Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16, 161).
[29:18] 5 sn These sections show that the priest had to be purified or cleansed from defilement of sin and also be atoned for and accepted by the
