Keluaran 23:31-33

23:31 I will set ¹  your boundaries from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the River, ²  for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

23:32 “You must make no covenant with them or with their gods. 23:33 They must not live in your land, lest they make you sin against me, for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare ³  to you.”

Bilangan 21:2-3

21:2 So Israel made a vow ⁴  to the Lord and said, “If you will indeed deliver ⁵  this people into our ⁶  hand, then we will utterly destroy ⁷  their cities.” 21:3 The Lord listened to the voice of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites, ⁸  and they utterly destroyed them and their cities. So the name of the place was called ⁹  Hormah.

Ulangan 7:2

7:2 and he ¹⁰  delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate ¹¹  them. Make no treaty ¹²  with them and show them no mercy!

Yosua 6:21

6:21 They annihilated with the sword everything that breathed in the city, ¹³  including men and women, young and old, as well as cattle, sheep, and donkeys.

[23:31]  ¹ tn The form is a perfect tense with vav consecutive.

[23:31]  ² tn In the Hebrew Bible “the River” usually refers to the Euphrates (cf. NASB, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT). There is some thought that it refers to a river Nahr el Kebir between Lebanon and Syria. See further W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:447; and G. W. Buchanan, The Consequences of the Covenant (NovTSup), 91-100.

[23:33]  ³ tn The idea of the “snare” is to lure them to judgment; God is apparently warning about contact with the Canaanites, either in worship or in business. They were very syncretistic, and so it would be dangerous to settle among them.

[21:2]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew text uses a cognate accusative with the verb: They vowed a vow. The Israelites were therefore determined with God’s help to defeat Arad.

[21:2]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew text has the infinitive absolute and the imperfect tense of נָתַן (natan) to stress the point – if you will surely/indeed give.”

[21:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “my.”

[21:2]  ⁷ tn On the surface this does not sound like much of a vow. But the key is in the use of the verb for “utterly destroy” – חָרַם (kharam). Whatever was put to this “ban” or “devotion” belonged to God, either for his use, or for destruction. The oath was in fact saying that they would take nothing from this for themselves. It would simply be the removal of what was alien to the faith, or to God’s program.

[21:3]  ⁸ tc Smr, Greek, and Syriac add “into his hand.”

[21:3]  ⁹ tn In the Hebrew text the verb has no expressed subject, and so here too is made passive. The name “Hormah” is etymologically connected to the verb “utterly destroy,” forming the popular etymology (or paronomasia, a phonetic wordplay capturing the significance of the event).

[7:2]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[7:2]  ¹¹ tn In the Hebrew text the infinitive absolute before the finite verb emphasizes the statement. The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here. Cf. ASV “shalt (must NRSV) utterly destroy them”; CEV “must destroy them without mercy.”

[7:2]  ¹² tn Heb “covenant” (so NASB, NRSV); TEV “alliance.”

[6:21]  ¹³ tn Heb “all which was in the city.”