Keluaran 22:10

22:10 If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is hurt ¹  or is carried away ²  without anyone seeing it, ³ 

Keluaran 31:15

31:15 Six days ⁴  work may be done, ⁵  but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, ⁶  holy to the Lord; anyone who does work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.

Keluaran 35:29

35:29 The Israelites brought a freewill offering to the Lord, every man and woman whose heart was willing to bring materials for all the work that the Lord through ⁷  Moses had commanded them ⁸  to do.

[22:10]  ¹ tn The form is a Niphal participle from the verb “to break” – “is broken,” which means harmed, maimed, or hurt in any way.

[22:10]  ² tn This verb is frequently used with the meaning “to take captive.” The idea here then is that raiders or robbers have carried off the animal.

[22:10]  ³ tn Heb “there is no one seeing.”

[31:15]  ⁴ tn This is an adverbial accusative of time, indicating that work may be done for six days out of the week.

[31:15]  ⁵ tn The form is a Niphal imperfect; it has the nuance of permission in this sentence, for the sentence is simply saying that the six days are work days – that is when work may be done.

[31:15]  ⁶ tn The expression is שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabbat shabbaton), “a Sabbath of entire rest,” or better, “a sabbath of complete desisting” (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 404). The second noun, the modifying genitive, is an abstract noun. The repetition provides the superlative idea that complete rest is the order of the day.

[35:29]  ⁷ tn Heb “by the hand of.”

[35:29]  ⁸ tn Here “them” has been supplied.