Keluaran 16:4-5
Konteks16:4 Then the Lord said to Moses, “I am going to rain 1 bread from heaven for you, and the people will go out 2 and gather the amount for each day, so that I may test them. 3 Will they will walk in my law 4 or not? 16:5 On the sixth day 5 they will prepare what they bring in, and it will be twice as much as they gather every other day.” 6
Keluaran 16:16-30
Konteks16:16 “This is what 7 the Lord has commanded: 8 ‘Each person is to gather 9 from it what he can eat, an omer 10 per person 11 according to the number 12 of your people; 13 each one will pick it up 14 for whoever lives 15 in his tent.’” 16:17 The Israelites did so, and they gathered – some more, some less. 16:18 When 16 they measured with an omer, the one who gathered much had nothing left over, and the one who gathered little lacked nothing; each one had gathered what he could eat.
16:19 Moses said to them, “No one 17 is to keep any of it 18 until morning.” 16:20 But they did not listen to Moses; some 19 kept part of it until morning, and it was full 20 of worms and began to stink, and Moses was angry with them. 16:21 So they gathered it each morning, 21 each person according to what he could eat, and when the sun got hot, it would melt. 22 16:22 And 23 on the sixth day they gathered twice as much food, two omers 24 per person; 25 and all the leaders 26 of the community 27 came and told 28 Moses. 16:23 He said to them, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘Tomorrow is a time of cessation from work, 29 a holy Sabbath 30 to the Lord. Whatever you want to 31 bake, bake today; 32 whatever you want to boil, boil today; whatever is left put aside for yourselves to be kept until morning.’”
16:24 So they put it aside until the morning, just as Moses had commanded, and it did not stink, nor were there any worms in it. 16:25 Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to the Lord; today you will not find it in the area. 33 16:26 Six days you will gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will not be any.”
16:27 On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather it, but they found nothing. 16:28 So the Lord said to Moses, “How long do you refuse 34 to obey my commandments and my instructions? 16:29 See, because the Lord has given you the Sabbath, that is why 35 he is giving you food for two days on the sixth day. Each of you stay where you are; 36 let no one 37 go out of his place on the seventh day.” 16:30 So the people rested on the seventh day.
[16:4] 1 tn The particle הִנְנִי (hinni) before the active participle indicates the imminent future action: “I am about to rain.”
[16:4] 2 tn This verb and the next are the Qal perfect tenses with vav (ו) consecutives; they follow the sequence of the participle, and so are future in orientation. The force here is instruction – “they will go out” or “they are to go out.”
[16:4] 3 tn The verb in the purpose/result clause is the Piel imperfect of נָסָה (nasah), אֲנַסֶּנוּ (’anassenu) – “in order that I may prove them [him].” The giving of the manna will be a test of their obedience to the detailed instructions of God as well as being a test of their faith in him (if they believe him they will not gather too much). In chap. 17 the people will test God, showing that they do not trust him.
[16:4] 4 sn The word “law” here properly means “direction” at this point (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 146), but their obedience here would indicate also whether or not they would be willing to obey when the Law was given at Sinai.
[16:5] 5 tn Heb “and it will be on the sixth day.”
[16:5] 6 sn There is a question here concerning the legislation – the people were not told why to gather twice as much on the sixth day. In other words, this instruction seems to presume that they knew about the Sabbath law. That law will be included in this chapter in a number of ways, suggesting to some scholars that this chapter is out of chronological order, placed here for a purpose. Some argue that the manna episode comes after the revelation at Sinai. But it is not necessary to take such a view. God had established the Sabbath in the creation, and if Moses has been expounding the Genesis traditions in his teachings then they would have known about that.
[16:16] 7 tn Heb “the thing that.”
[16:16] 8 tn The perfect tense could be taken as a definite past with Moses now reporting it. In this case a very recent past. But in declaring the word from Yahweh it could be instantaneous, and receive a present tense translation – “here and now he commands you.”
[16:16] 9 tn The form is the plural imperative: “Gather [you] each man according to his eating.”
[16:16] 10 sn The omer is an amount mentioned only in this chapter, and its size is unknown, except by comparison with the ephah (v. 36). A number of recent English versions approximate the omer as “two quarts” (cf. NCV, CEV, NLT); TEV “two litres.”
[16:16] 11 tn Heb “for a head.”
[16:16] 12 tn The word “number” is an accusative that defines more precisely how much was to be gathered (see GKC 374 §118.h).
[16:16] 13 tn Traditionally “souls.”
[16:16] 14 tn Heb “will take.”
[16:16] 15 tn “lives” has been supplied.
[16:18] 16 tn The preterite with the vav (ו) consecutive is subordinated here as a temporal clause.
[16:19] 17 tn The address now is for “man” (אִישׁ, ’ish), “each one”; here the instruction seems to be focused on the individual heads of the households.
[16:19] 18 tn Or “some of it,” “from it.”
[16:20] 19 tn Heb “men”; this usage is designed to mean “some” (see GKC 447 §138.h, n. 1).
[16:20] 20 tn The verb וַיָּרֻם (vayyarum) is equivalent to a passive – “it was changed” – to which “worms” is added as an accusative of result (GKC 388-89 §121.d, n. 2).
[16:21] 21 tn Heb “morning by morning.” This is an example of the repetition of words to express the distributive sense; here the meaning is “every morning” (see GKC 388 §121.c).
[16:21] 22 tn The perfect tenses here with vav (ו) consecutives have the frequentative sense; they function in a protasis-apodosis relationship (GKC 494 §159.g).
[16:22] 23 tn Heb “and it happened/was.”
[16:22] 24 tn This construction is an exception to the normal rule for the numbers 2 through 10 taking the object numbered in the plural. Here it is “two of the omer” or “the double of the omer” (see GKC 433 §134.e).
[16:22] 26 tn The word suggests “the ones lifted up” above others, and therefore the rulers or the chiefs of the people.
[16:22] 27 tn Or “congregation” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV).
[16:22] 28 sn The meaning here is probably that these leaders, the natural heads of the families in the clans, saw that people were gathering twice as much and they reported this to Moses, perhaps afraid it would stink again (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 197).
[16:23] 29 tn The noun שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabbaton) has the abstract ending on it: “resting, ceasing.” The root word means “cease” from something, more than “to rest.” The Law would make it clear that they were to cease from their normal occupations and do no common work.
[16:23] 30 tn The technical expression is now used: שַׁבַּת־קֹדֶשׁ (shabbat-qodesh, “a holy Sabbath”) meaning a “cessation of/for holiness” for Yahweh. The rest was to be characterized by holiness.
[16:23] 31 tn The two verbs in these objective noun clauses are desiderative imperfects – “bake whatever you want to bake.”
[16:23] 32 tn The word “today” is implied from the context.
[16:25] 33 tn Heb “in the field” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV, NRSV); NAB, NIV, NLT “on the ground.”
[16:28] 34 tn The verb is plural, and so it is addressed to the nation and not to Moses. The perfect tense in this sentence is the characteristic perfect, denoting action characteristic, or typical, of the past and the present.
[16:29] 35 sn Noting the rabbinic teaching that the giving of the Sabbath was a sign of God’s love – it was accomplished through the double portion on the sixth day – B. Jacob says, “God made no request unless He provided the means for its execution” (Exodus, 461).
