Keluaran 14:7
Konteks14:7 He took six hundred select 1 chariots, and all the rest of the chariots of Egypt, 2 and officers 3 on all of them.
Keluaran 14:6
Konteks14:6 Then he prepared 4 his chariots and took his army 5 with him.
Keluaran 14:18
Konteks14:18 And the Egyptians will know 6 that I am the Lord when I have gained my honor 7 because of Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.”
Keluaran 14:23
Konteks14:23 The Egyptians chased them and followed them into the middle of the sea – all the horses of Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.
Keluaran 15:4
Konteks15:4 The chariots of Pharaoh 8 and his army he has thrown into the sea,
and his chosen 9 officers were drowned 10 in the Red Sea.
Keluaran 14:25-26
Konteks14:25 He jammed 11 the wheels of their chariots so that they had difficulty driving, 12 and the Egyptians said, “Let’s flee 13 from Israel, for the Lord fights 14 for them against Egypt!”
14:26 The Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand toward the sea, so that the waters may flow 15 back on the Egyptians, on their chariots, and on their horsemen!”
Keluaran 14:28
Konteks14:28 The water returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen and all the army of Pharaoh that was coming after the Israelites into the sea 16 – not so much as one of them survived! 17
Keluaran 14:9
Konteks14:9 The Egyptians chased after them, and all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh and his horsemen and his army overtook them camping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-Zephon.
Keluaran 14:17
Konteks14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden 18 the hearts of the Egyptians so that 19 they will come after them, that I may be honored 20 because 21 of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.
Keluaran 15:19
Konteks15:19 For the horses of Pharaoh came with his chariots and his footmen into the sea,
and the Lord brought back the waters of the sea on them,
but the Israelites walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.”
[14:7] 1 tn The passive participle of the verb “to choose” means that these were “choice” or superb chariots.
[14:7] 2 tn Heb “every chariot of Egypt.” After the mention of the best chariots, the meaning of this description is “all the other chariots.”
[14:7] 3 tn The word שָׁלִשִׁם (shalishim) means “officers” or some special kind of military personnel. At one time it was taken to mean a “three man chariot,” but the pictures of Egyptian chariots only show two in a chariot. It may mean officers near the king, “men of the third rank” (B. Jacob, Exodus, 394). So the chariots and the crew represented the elite. See the old view by A. E. Cowley that linked it to a Hittite word (“A Hittite Word in Hebrew,” JTS 21 [1920]: 326), and the more recent work by P. C. Craigie connecting it to Egyptian “commander” (“An Egyptian Expression in the Song of the Sea: Exodus XV.4,” VT 20 [1970]: 85).
[14:18] 6 tn The construction is unusual in that it says, “And Egypt will know.” The verb is plural, and so “Egypt” must mean “the Egyptians.” The verb is the perfect tense with the vav consecutive, showing that this recognition or acknowledgment by Egypt will be the result or purpose of the defeat of them by God.
[14:18] 7 tn The form is בְּהִכָּבְדִי (bÿhikkavÿdi), the Niphal infinitive construct with a preposition and a suffix. For the suffix on a Niphal, see GKC 162-63 §61.c. The word forms a temporal clause in the line.
[15:4] 8 tn Gesenius notes that the sign of the accusative, often omitted in poetry, is not found in this entire song (GKC 363 §117.b).
[15:4] 9 tn The word is a substantive, “choice, selection”; it is here used in the construct state to convey an attribute before a partitive genitive – “the choice of his officers” means his “choice officers” (see GKC 417 §128.r).
[15:4] 10 tn The form is a Qal passive rather than a Pual, for there is not Piel form or meaning.
[14:25] 11 tn The word in the text is וַיָּסַר (vayyasar), which would be translated “and he turned aside” with the sense perhaps of removing the wheels. The reading in the LXX, Smr, and Syriac suggests a root אָסַר (’asar, “to bind”). The sense here might be “clogged – presumably by their sinking in the wet sand” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 120).
[14:25] 12 tn The clause is וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכְבֵדֻת (vaynahagehu bikhvedut). The verb means “to drive a chariot”; here in the Piel it means “cause to drive.” The suffix is collective, and so the verbal form can be translated “and caused them to drive.” The idea of the next word is “heaviness” or “hardship”; it recalls the previous uses of related words to describe Pharaoh’s heart. Here it indicates that the driving of the crippled chariots was with difficulty.
[14:25] 13 tn The cohortative has the hortatory use here, “Let’s flee.” Although the form is singular, the sense of it is plural and so hortatory can be used. The form is singular to agree with the singular subject, “Egypt,” which obviously means the Egyptian army. The word for “flee” is used when someone runs from fear of immanent danger and is a different word than the one used in 14:5.
[14:25] 14 tn The form is the Niphal participle; it is used as the predicate here, that is, the verbal use: “the
[14:26] 15 tn The verb, “and they will return,” is here subordinated to the imperative preceding it, showing the purpose of that act.
[14:28] 16 tn Heb “that was coming after them into the sea.” The referent of “them” (the Israelites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[14:28] 17 tn Heb “not was left among them as much as one.”
[14:17] 18 tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.
[14:17] 19 tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.
[14:17] 20 tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.
