Keluaran 10:4

10:4 But if you refuse to release my people, I am going to bring ¹  locusts ²  into your territory ³  tomorrow.

Keluaran 14:17

14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden ⁴  the hearts of the Egyptians so that ⁵  they will come after them, that I may be honored ⁶  because ⁷  of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.

Keluaran 17:4

17:4 Then Moses cried out to the Lord, “What will I do with ⁸  this people? – a little more ⁹  and they will stone me!” ¹⁰ 

Keluaran 22:23

22:23 If you afflict them ¹¹  in any way ¹²  and they cry to me, I will surely hear ¹³  their cry,

Keluaran 23:30

23:30 Little by little ¹⁴  I will drive them out before you, until you become fruitful and inherit the land.

Keluaran 25:2

25:2 “Tell the Israelites to take ¹⁵  an offering ¹⁶  for me; from every person motivated by a willing ¹⁷  heart you ¹⁸  are to receive my offering.

[10:4]  ¹ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the active participle מֵבִיא (mevi’) is the imminent future construction: “I am about to bring” or “I am going to bring” – precisely, “here I am bringing.”

[10:4]  ² tn One of the words for “locusts” in the Bible is אַרְבֶּה (’arbeh), which comes from רָבָה (ravah, “to be much, many”). It was used for locusts because of their immense numbers.

[10:4]  ³ tn Heb “within your border.”

[14:17]  ⁴ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.

[14:17]  ⁵ tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.

[14:17]  ⁶ tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.

[14:17]  ⁷ tn Or “I will get glory over.”

[17:4]  ⁸ tn The preposition lamed (ל) is here specification, meaning “with respect to” (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 49, §273).

[17:4]  ⁹ tn Or “they are almost ready to stone me.”

[17:4]  ¹⁰ tn The perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive almost develops an independent force; this is true in sentences where it follows an expression of time, as here (see GKC 334 §112.x).

[22:23]  ¹¹ tn The accusative here is the masculine singular pronoun, which leads S. R. Driver to conclude that this line is out of place, even though the masculine singular can be used in places like this (Exodus, 232). U. Cassuto says its use is to refer to certain classes (Exodus, 292).

[22:23]  ¹² tn Here again and with “cry” the infinitive absolute functions with a diminished emphasis (GKC 342-43 §113.o).

[22:23]  ¹³ tn Here is the normal use of the infinitive absolute with the imperfect tense to emphasize the verb: “I will surely hear,” implying, “I will surely respond.”

[23:30]  ¹⁴ tn The repetition expresses an exceptional or super-fine quality (see GKC 396 §123.e).

[25:2]  ¹⁵ tn The verb is וְיִקְחוּ (vÿyiqkhu), the Qal imperfect or jussive with vav; after the imperative “speak” this verb indicates the purpose or result: “speak…that they may take” and continues with the force of a command.

[25:2]  ¹⁶ tn The “offering” (תְּרוּמָה, tÿrumah) is perhaps better understood as a contribution since it was a freewill offering. There is some question about the etymology of the word. The traditional meaning of “heave-offering” derives from the idea of “elevation,” a root meaning “to be high” lying behind the word. B. Jacob says it is something sorted out of a mass of material and designated for a higher purpose (Exodus, 765). S. R. Driver (Exodus, 263) corrects the idea of “heave-offering” by relating the root to the Hiphil form of that root, herim, “to lift” or “take off.” He suggests the noun means “what is taken off” from a larger mass and so designated for sacred purposes. The LXX has “something taken off.”

[25:2]  ¹⁷ tn The verb יִדְּבֶנּוּ (yiddÿvennu) is related to the word for the “freewill offering” (נְדָבָה, nÿdavah). The verb is used of volunteering for military campaigns (Judg 5:2, 9) and the willing offerings for both the first and second temples (see 1 Chr 29:5, 6, 9, 14, 17).

[25:2]  ¹⁸ tn The pronoun is plural.