Keluaran 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹  by ²  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ³  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁴ 

Keluaran 10:23

10:23 No one ⁵  could see ⁶  another person, and no one could rise from his place for three days. But the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.

Keluaran 35:24

35:24 Everyone making an offering of silver or bronze brought it as ⁷  an offering to the Lord, and everyone who had acacia wood ⁸  for any work of the service brought it. ⁹ 

[1:14]  ¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

[1:14]  ² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

[1:14]  ³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

[1:14]  ⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

[10:23]  ⁵ tn Heb “a man…his brother.”

[10:23]  ⁶ tn The perfect tense in this context requires the somewhat rare classification of a potential perfect.

[35:24]  ⁷ tn This translation takes “offering” as an adverbial accusative explaining the form or purpose of their bringing things. It could also be rendered as the direct object, but that would seem to repeat without much difference what had just been said.

[35:24]  ⁸ sn U. Cassuto notes that the expression “with whom was found” does not rule out the idea that these folks went out and cut down acacia trees (Exodus, 458). It is unlikely that they had much wood in their tents.

[35:24]  ⁹ tn Here “it” has been supplied.