Kejadian 2:19

2:19 The Lord God formed ¹  out of the ground every living animal of the field and every bird of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would ²  name them, and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name.

Kejadian 13:10

13:10 Lot looked up and saw ³  the whole region ⁴  of the Jordan. He noticed ⁵  that all of it was well-watered (before the Lord obliterated ⁶  Sodom and Gomorrah) ⁷  like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, ⁸  all the way to Zoar.

Kejadian 39:14

39:14 she called for her household servants and said to them, “See, my husband brought ⁹  in a Hebrew man ¹⁰  to us to humiliate us. ¹¹  He tried to have sex with me, ¹²  but I screamed loudly. ¹³ 

Kejadian 42:7

42:7 When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them, but he pretended to be a stranger ¹⁴  to them and spoke to them harshly. He asked, “Where do you come from?” They answered, ¹⁵  “From the land of Canaan, to buy grain for food.” ¹⁶ 

Kejadian 50:11

50:11 When the Canaanites who lived in the land saw them mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a very sad occasion ¹⁷  for the Egyptians.” That is why its name was called ¹⁸  Abel Mizraim, ¹⁹  which is beyond the Jordan.

[2:19]  ¹ tn Or “fashioned.” To harmonize the order of events with the chronology of chapter one, some translate the prefixed verb form with vav (ו) consecutive as a past perfect (“had formed,” cf. NIV) here. (In chapter one the creation of the animals preceded the creation of man; here the animals are created after the man.) However, it is unlikely that the Hebrew construction can be translated in this way in the middle of this pericope, for the criteria for unmarked temporal overlay are not present here. See S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 84-88, and especially R. Buth, “Methodological Collision between Source Criticism and Discourse Analysis,” Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics, 138-54. For a contrary viewpoint see IBHS 552-53 §33.2.3 and C. J. Collins, “The Wayyiqtol as ‘Pluperfect’: When and Why,” TynBul 46 (1995): 117-40.

[2:19]  ² tn The imperfect verb form is future from the perspective of the past time narrative.

[13:10]  ³ tn Heb “lifted up his eyes and saw.” The expression draws attention to the act of looking, indicating that Lot took a good look. It also calls attention to the importance of what was seen.

[13:10]  ⁴ tn Or “plain”; Heb “circle.”

[13:10]  ⁵ tn The words “he noticed” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁶ sn Obliterated. The use of the term “destroy” (שַׁחֵת, shakhet) is reminiscent of the Noahic flood (Gen 6:13). Both at the flood and in Sodom the place was obliterated by catastrophe and only one family survived (see C. Westermann, Genesis, 2:178).

[13:10]  ⁷ tn This short temporal clause (preposition + Piel infinitive construct + subjective genitive + direct object) is strategically placed in the middle of the lavish descriptions to sound an ominous note. The entire clause is parenthetical in nature. Most English translations place the clause at the end of v. 10 for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁸ sn The narrative places emphasis on what Lot saw so that the reader can appreciate how it aroused his desire for the best land. It makes allusion to the garden of the Lord and to the land of Egypt for comparison. Just as the tree in the garden of Eden had awakened Eve’s desire, so the fertile valley attracted Lot. And just as certain memories of Egypt would cause the Israelites to want to turn back and abandon the trek to the promised land, so Lot headed for the good life.

[39:14]  ⁹ tn The verb has no expressed subject, and so it could be treated as a passive (“a Hebrew man was brought in”; cf. NIV). But it is clear from the context that her husband brought Joseph into the household, so Potiphar is the apparent referent here. Thus the translation supplies “my husband” as the referent of the unspecified pronominal subject of the verb (cf. NEB, NRSV).

[39:14]  ¹⁰ sn A Hebrew man. Potiphar’s wife raises the ethnic issue when talking to her servants about what their boss had done.

[39:14]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to make fun of us.” The verb translated “to humiliate us” here means to hold something up for ridicule, or to toy with something harmfully. Attempted rape would be such an activity, for it would hold the victim in contempt.

[39:14]  ¹² tn Heb “he came to me to lie with me.” Here the expression “lie with” is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.

[39:14]  ¹³ tn Heb “and I cried out with a loud voice.”

[42:7]  ¹⁴ sn But pretended to be a stranger. Joseph intends to test his brothers to see if they have changed and have the integrity to be patriarchs of the tribes of Israel. He will do this by putting them in the same situations that they and he were in before. The first test will be to awaken their conscience.

[42:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “said.”

[42:7]  ¹⁶ tn The verb is denominative, meaning “to buy grain”; the word “food” could simply be the direct object, but may also be an adverbial accusative.

[50:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “this is heavy mourning for Egypt.”

[50:11]  ¹⁸ tn The verb has no expressed subject and so it may be translated as passive.

[50:11]  ¹⁹ sn The name Abel Mizraim means “the mourning of Egypt.”