Kejadian 2:19

2:19 The Lord God formed ¹  out of the ground every living animal of the field and every bird of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would ²  name them, and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name.

Kejadian 13:10

13:10 Lot looked up and saw ³  the whole region ⁴  of the Jordan. He noticed ⁵  that all of it was well-watered (before the Lord obliterated ⁶  Sodom and Gomorrah) ⁷  like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, ⁸  all the way to Zoar.

Kejadian 21:23

21:23 Now swear to me right here in God’s name ⁹  that you will not deceive me, my children, or my descendants. ¹⁰  Show me, and the land ¹¹  where you are staying, ¹²  the same loyalty ¹³  that I have shown you.” ¹⁴ 

Kejadian 30:30

30:30 Indeed, ¹⁵  you had little before I arrived, ¹⁶  but now your possessions have increased many times over. ¹⁷  The Lord has blessed you wherever I worked. ¹⁸  But now, how long must it be before I do something for my own family too?” ¹⁹ 

Kejadian 31:41

31:41 This was my lot ²⁰  for twenty years in your house: I worked like a slave ²¹  for you – fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flocks, but you changed my wages ten times!

Kejadian 48:19

48:19 But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude ²²  of nations.”

[2:19]  ¹ tn Or “fashioned.” To harmonize the order of events with the chronology of chapter one, some translate the prefixed verb form with vav (ו) consecutive as a past perfect (“had formed,” cf. NIV) here. (In chapter one the creation of the animals preceded the creation of man; here the animals are created after the man.) However, it is unlikely that the Hebrew construction can be translated in this way in the middle of this pericope, for the criteria for unmarked temporal overlay are not present here. See S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 84-88, and especially R. Buth, “Methodological Collision between Source Criticism and Discourse Analysis,” Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics, 138-54. For a contrary viewpoint see IBHS 552-53 §33.2.3 and C. J. Collins, “The Wayyiqtol as ‘Pluperfect’: When and Why,” TynBul 46 (1995): 117-40.

[2:19]  ² tn The imperfect verb form is future from the perspective of the past time narrative.

[13:10]  ³ tn Heb “lifted up his eyes and saw.” The expression draws attention to the act of looking, indicating that Lot took a good look. It also calls attention to the importance of what was seen.

[13:10]  ⁴ tn Or “plain”; Heb “circle.”

[13:10]  ⁵ tn The words “he noticed” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁶ sn Obliterated. The use of the term “destroy” (שַׁחֵת, shakhet) is reminiscent of the Noahic flood (Gen 6:13). Both at the flood and in Sodom the place was obliterated by catastrophe and only one family survived (see C. Westermann, Genesis, 2:178).

[13:10]  ⁷ tn This short temporal clause (preposition + Piel infinitive construct + subjective genitive + direct object) is strategically placed in the middle of the lavish descriptions to sound an ominous note. The entire clause is parenthetical in nature. Most English translations place the clause at the end of v. 10 for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁸ sn The narrative places emphasis on what Lot saw so that the reader can appreciate how it aroused his desire for the best land. It makes allusion to the garden of the Lord and to the land of Egypt for comparison. Just as the tree in the garden of Eden had awakened Eve’s desire, so the fertile valley attracted Lot. And just as certain memories of Egypt would cause the Israelites to want to turn back and abandon the trek to the promised land, so Lot headed for the good life.

[21:23]  ⁹ tn Heb “And now swear to me by God here.”

[21:23]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “my offspring and my descendants.”

[21:23]  ¹¹ tn The word “land” refers by metonymy to the people in the land.

[21:23]  ¹² tn The Hebrew verb means “to stay, to live, to sojourn” as a temporary resident without ownership rights.

[21:23]  ¹³ tn Or “kindness.”

[21:23]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “According to the loyalty which I have done with you, do with me and with the land in which you are staying.”

[30:30]  ¹⁵ tn Or “for.”

[30:30]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “before me.”

[30:30]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and it has broken out with respect to abundance.”

[30:30]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “at my foot.”

[30:30]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “How long [until] I do, also I, for my house?”

[31:41]  ²⁰ tn Heb “this to me.”

[31:41]  ²¹ tn Heb “served you,” but in this accusatory context the meaning is more “worked like a slave.”

[48:19]  ²² tn Heb “fullness.”