Imamat 22:5

22:5 or a man who touches a swarming thing by which he becomes unclean, ¹  or touches a person ²  by which he becomes unclean, whatever that person’s impurity ³  –

Imamat 15:7

15:7 The one who touches the body ⁴  of the man with a discharge must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.

Imamat 15:21

15:21 Anyone who touches her bed must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.

Imamat 6:27

6:27 Anyone who touches its meat must be holy, and whoever spatters some of its blood on a garment, ⁵  you must wash ⁶  whatever he spatters it on in a holy place.

Imamat 15:19

Female Bodily Discharges

15:19 “‘When a woman has a discharge ⁷  and her discharge is blood from her body, ⁸  she is to be in her menstruation ⁹  seven days, and anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening.

Imamat 15:27

15:27 and anyone who touches them will be unclean, and he must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. ¹⁰ 

Imamat 11:8

11:8 You must not eat from their meat and you must not touch their carcasses; ¹¹  they are unclean to you.

Imamat 11:26

Inedible Land Quadrupeds

11:26 “‘All ¹²  animals that divide the hoof but it is not completely split in two ¹³  and do not chew the cud ¹⁴  are unclean to you; anyone who touches them becomes unclean. ¹⁵ 

Imamat 11:31

11:31 These are the ones that are unclean to you among all the swarming things. Anyone who touches them when they die will be unclean until evening.

Imamat 11:36

11:36 However, a spring or a cistern which collects water ¹⁶  will be clean, but one who touches their carcass will be unclean.

Imamat 11:39

Edible Land Quadrupeds

11:39 “‘Now if an animal ¹⁷  that you may eat dies, ¹⁸  whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until the evening.

Imamat 15:12

15:12 A clay vessel ¹⁹  which the man with the discharge touches must be broken, and any wooden utensil must be rinsed in water.

Imamat 15:22-23

15:22 Anyone who touches any furniture she sits on must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. 15:23 If there is something on the bed or on the furniture she sits on, ²⁰  when he touches it ²¹  he will be unclean until evening,

Imamat 6:18

6:18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. It is a perpetual allotted portion ²²  throughout your generations ²³  from the gifts of the Lord. Anyone who touches these gifts ²⁴  must be holy.’” ²⁵ 

Imamat 22:4

22:4 No man ²⁶  from the descendants of Aaron who is diseased or has a discharge ²⁷  may eat the holy offerings until he becomes clean. The one ²⁸  who touches anything made unclean by contact with a dead person, ²⁹  or a man who has a seminal emission, ³⁰ 

Imamat 5:3

5:3 or when he touches human uncleanness with regard to anything by which he can become unclean, ³¹  even if he did not realize it, but he himself has later come to know it and is guilty;

Imamat 11:24

Carcass Uncleanness

11:24 “‘By these ³²  you defile yourselves; anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening,

Imamat 11:27

11:27 All that walk on their paws among all the creatures that walk on all fours ³³  are unclean to you. Anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening,

Imamat 12:4

12:4 Then she will remain ³⁴  thirty-three days in blood purity. ³⁵  She must not touch anything holy and she must not enter the sanctuary until the days of her purification are fulfilled. ³⁶ 

Imamat 15:5

15:5 Anyone who touches his bed ³⁷  must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. ³⁸ 

Imamat 15:11

15:11 Anyone whom the man with the discharge touches without having rinsed his hands in water ³⁹  must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.

Imamat 22:6

22:6 the person who touches any of these ⁴⁰  will be unclean until evening and must not eat from the holy offerings unless he has bathed his body in water.

Imamat 7:21

7:21 When a person touches anything unclean (whether human uncleanness, or an unclean animal, or an unclean detestable creature) ⁴¹  and eats some of the meat of the peace offering sacrifice which belongs to the Lord, that person will be cut off from his people.’” ⁴² 

Imamat 15:10

15:10 Anyone who touches anything that was under him ⁴³  will be unclean until evening, and the one who carries those items ⁴⁴  must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.

[22:5]  ¹ tn Heb “which there shall be uncleanness to him.”

[22:5]  ² tn The Hebrew term for “person” here is אָדָם (adam, “human being”), which could either a male or a female person.

[22:5]  ³ tn Heb “to all his impurity.” The phrase refers to the impurity of the person whom the man touches to become unclean (see the previous clause). To clarify this, the translation uses “that person’s” rather than “his.”

[15:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “And the one who touches in the flesh.” In this instance, “flesh” (or “body”) probably refers literally to any part of the body, not the genitals specifically (see the discussion in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:914).

[6:27]  ⁵ tn Heb “on the garment”; NCV “on any clothes”; CEV “on the clothes of the priest.”

[6:27]  ⁶ tc The translation “you must wash” is based on the MT as it stands (cf. NASB, NIV). Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Ps.-J., and the Vulgate have a third person masculine singular passive form (Pual), “[the garment] must be washed” (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT). This could also be supported from the verbs in the following verse, and it requires only a repointing of the Hebrew text with no change in consonants. See the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90 and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:404.

[15:19]  ⁷ tn See the note on Lev 15:2 above.

[15:19]  ⁸ tn Heb “blood shall be her discharge in her flesh.” The term “flesh” here refers euphemistically to the female sexual area (cf. the note on v. 2 above).

[15:19]  ⁹ tn See the note on Lev 12:2 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:925-27.

[15:27]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on v. 5 above.

[11:8]  ¹¹ sn The regulations against touching the carcasses of dead unclean animals (contrast the restriction against eating their flesh) is treated in more detail in Lev 11:24-28 (cf. also vv. 29-40). For the time being, this chapter continues to develop the issue of what can and cannot be eaten.

[11:26]  ¹² tn Heb “to all” (cf. the note on v. 24). This and the following verses develop more fully the categories of uncleanness set forth in principle in vv. 24-25.

[11:26]  ¹³ tn Heb “divides hoof and cleft it does not cleave”; KJV “divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted”; NLT “divided but unsplit hooves.”

[11:26]  ¹⁴ tn See the note on Lev 11:3.

[11:26]  ¹⁵ sn Compare the regulations in Lev 11:2-8.

[11:36]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “a spring and a cistern collection of water”; NAB, NIV “for collecting water.”

[11:39]  ¹⁷ tn This word for “animal” refers to land animal quadrupeds, not just any beast that dwells on the land (cf. 11:2).

[11:39]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “which is food for you” or “which is for you to eat.”

[15:12]  ¹⁹ tn The Hebrew term כְּלִי (kÿli) can mean “vessel” (v. 12a) or “utensil, implement, article” (v. 12b). An article of clay would refer to a vessel or container of some sort, while one made of wood would refer to some kind of tool or instrument.

[15:23]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and if on the bed it (הוּא, hu’) is or on the vessel which she sits on it, when he touches it….” The translation and meaning of this verse is a subject of much debate in the commentaries (see the summary in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:938-40). It is difficult to determine what הוּא refers to, whether it means “he” referring to the one who does the touching, “it” for the furniture or the seat in v. 22, “she” referring to the woman herself (see Smr היא rather than הוא), or perhaps anything that was lying on the furniture or the bed of vv. 21-22. The latter view is taken here (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 202).

[15:23]  ²¹ tn The MT accent suggest that “when he touches it” goes with the preceding line, but it seems to be better to take it as an introduction to what follows (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 202).

[6:18]  ²² tn Or “a perpetual regulation”; cf. NASB “a permanent ordinance”; NRSV “as their perpetual due.”

[6:18]  ²³ tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come.”

[6:18]  ²⁴ tn Heb “touches them”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In this context “them” must refer to the “gifts” of the Lord.

[6:18]  ²⁵ tn Or “anyone/anything that touches them shall become holy” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:443-56). The question is whether this refers to the contagious nature of holy objects (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) or whether it simply sets forth a demand that anyone who touches the holy gifts of the Lord must be a holy person (cf. CEV). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:900-902.

[22:4]  ²⁶ tn Heb “Man man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.), but with a negative command it means “No man” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 147).

[22:4]  ²⁷ sn The diseases and discharges mentioned here are those described in Lev 13-15.

[22:4]  ²⁸ tn Heb “And the one.”

[22:4]  ²⁹ tn Heb “in all unclean of a person/soul”; for the Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) meaning “a [dead] person,” see the note on Lev 19:28.

[22:4]  ³⁰ tn Heb “or a man who goes out from him a lying of seed.”

[5:3]  ³¹ tn Heb “or if he touches uncleanness of mankind to any of his uncleanness which he becomes unclean in it.”

[11:24]  ³² tn Heb “and to these.”

[11:27]  ³³ tn Heb “the one walking on four.” Compare Lev 11:20-23.

[12:4]  ³⁴ tn Heb “sit, dwell” (יָשָׁב, yashav) normally means “to sit, to dwell”), but here it means “to remain, to stay” in the same condition for a period of time (cf., e.g., Gen 24:55).

[12:4]  ³⁵ tn Heb “in bloods of purification” or “purifying” or “purity”; NASB “in the blood of her purification”; NRSV “her time of blood purification.” See the following note.

[12:4]  ³⁶ tn The initial seven days after the birth of a son were days of blood impurity for the woman as if she were having her menstrual period. Her impurity was contagious during this period, so no one should touch her or even furniture on which she has sat or reclined (Lev 15:19-23), lest they too become impure. Even her husband would become impure for seven days if he had sexual intercourse with her during this time (Lev 15:24; cf. 18:19). The next thirty-three days were either “days of purification, purifying” or “days of purity,” depending on how one understands the abstract noun טֹהֳרָה (toharah, “purification, purity”) in this context. During this time the woman could not touch anything holy or enter the sanctuary, but she was no longer contagious like she had been during the first seven days. She could engage in normal everyday life, including sexual intercourse, without fear of contaminating anyone else (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 73-74; cf. J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:749-50). Thus, in a sense, the thirty-three days were a time of blood “purity” (cf. the present translation) as compared to the previous seven days of blood “impurity,” but they were also a time of blood “purification” (or “purifying”) as compared to the time after the thirty-three days, when the blood atonement had been made and she was pronounced “clean” by the priest (see vv. 6-8 below). In other words, the thirty-three day period was a time of “blood” (flow), but this was “pure blood,” as opposed to the blood of the first seven days.

[15:5]  ³⁷ tn Heb “And a man who touches in his bed”; NLT “touch the man’s bedding.”

[15:5]  ³⁸ tn Heb “he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening” (cf. also vv. 6-8, 10-11, etc.).

[15:11]  ³⁹ tn Heb “And all who the man with the discharge touches in him and his hands he has not rinsed in water.”

[22:6]  ⁴⁰ sn The phrase “any of these” refers back to the unclean things touched in vv. 4b-5.

[7:21]  ⁴¹ sn For these categories of unclean animals see Lev 11.

[7:21]  ⁴² sn For the interpretation of this last clause see the note on Lev 7:20.

[15:10]  ⁴³ tn Heb “which shall be under him.” The verb is perhaps a future perfect, “which shall have been.”

[15:10]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the previously mentioned items which were under the unclean person) has been specified in the translation for clarity.