Imamat 19:1-5
Konteks19:1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 19:2 “Speak to the whole congregation of the Israelites and tell them, ‘You must be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy. 19:3 Each of you must respect his mother and his father, 1 and you must keep my Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God. 19:4 Do not turn to idols, 2 and you must not make for yourselves gods of cast metal. I am the Lord your God.
19:5 “‘When you sacrifice a peace offering sacrifice to the Lord, you must sacrifice it so that it is accepted for you. 3
Imamat 19:12-16
Konteks19:12 You must not swear falsely 4 in my name, so that you do not profane 5 the name of your God. I am the Lord. 19:13 You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against him. 6 You must not withhold 7 the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning. 19:14 You must not curse a deaf person or put a stumbling block in front of a blind person. 8 You must fear 9 your God; I am the Lord.
19:15 “‘You 10 must not deal unjustly in judgment: 11 you must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich. 12 You must judge your fellow citizen fairly. 13 19:16 You must not go about as a slanderer among your people. 14 You must not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is at stake. 15 I am the Lord.
Imamat 19:32-33
Konteks19:32 You must stand up in the presence of the aged, honor the presence of an elder, and fear your God. I am the Lord. 19:33 When a foreigner resides 16 with you in your land, you must not oppress him.
[19:3] 1 tn Heb “A man his mother and his father you [plural] shall fear.” The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain Targum
[19:4] 2 sn Regarding the difficult etymology and meaning of the term for “idols” (אֱלִילִים, ’elilim), see B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 126; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 304; N. H. Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers (NBC), 89; and Judith M. Hadley, NIDOTTE 1:411. It appears to be a diminutive play on words with אֵל (’el, “god; God”) and, perhaps at the same time, recalls a common Semitic word for “worthless; weak; powerless; nothingness.” Snaith suggests a rendering of “worthless godlings.”
[19:5] 3 tn Heb “for your acceptance”; cf. NIV, NLT “it will be accepted on your behalf.”
[19:12] 4 tn Heb “And you shall not swear to the falsehood.”
[19:12] 5 tn Heb “and you shall not profane”; NAB “thus profaning.”
[19:13] 6 tn Heb “You shall not oppress your neighbor and you shall not rob.”
[19:13] 7 tn Heb “hold back with you”; perhaps “hold back for yourself” (cf. NRSV “keep for yourself”).
[19:14] 8 tn Heb “You shall not curse a deaf [person] and before a blind [person] you shall not put a stumbling block.”
[19:14] 9 tn Heb “And you shall fear.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV) regard the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) as adversative in force here (“but”).
[19:15] 10 tc Smr has the singular rather than the plural “you” of the MT, which brings this verb form into line with the ones surrounding it.
[19:15] 11 tn Heb “You shall not do injustice in judgment” (NASB similar); cf. NIV “do not pervert justice.”
[19:15] 12 tn Heb “You shall not lift up faces of poor [people] and you shall not honor faces of great.”
[19:15] 13 tn Heb “In righteousness you shall judge your fellow citizen.”
[19:16] 14 tn The term רָכִיל (rakhil) is traditionally rendered “slanderer” here (so NASB, NIV, NRSV; see also J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 304, 316), but the exact meaning is uncertain (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129). It is sometimes related to I רָכַל (“to go about as a trader [or “merchant”]”; BDB 940 s.v. רָכַל), and taken to refer to cutthroat business dealings, but there may be a II רָכַל, the meaning of which is dubious (HALOT 1237 s.v. II *רכל). Some would render it “to go about as a spy.”
[19:16] 15 tn Heb “You shall not stand on the blood of your neighbor.” This part of the verse is also difficult to interpret. The rendering here suggests that one will not allow a neighbor to be victimized, whether in court (cf. v. 15) or in any other situation (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129).