Imamat 1:4

1:4 He must lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted for him to make atonement ¹  on his behalf.

Imamat 8:34

8:34 What has been done ²  on this day the Lord has commanded to be done ³  to make atonement for you.

Imamat 14:20

14:20 and the priest is to offer ⁴  the burnt offering and the grain offering on the altar. So the priest is to make atonement for him and he will be clean.

Imamat 14:29

14:29 and the remainder of the olive oil that is in the hand ⁵  of the priest he is to put ⁶  on the head of the one being cleansed to make atonement for him before the Lord.

Imamat 14:53

14:53 and he is to send the live bird away outside the city ⁷  into the open countryside. So he is to make atonement for the house and it will be clean.

Imamat 23:27

23:27 “The ⁸  tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. ⁹  It is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must humble yourselves ¹⁰  and present a gift to the Lord.

[1:4]  ¹ tn “To make atonement” is the standard translation of the Hebrew term כִּפֶּר, (kipper); cf. however TEV “as a sacrifice to take away his sins” (CEV similar). The English word derives from a combination of “at” plus Middle English “one[ment],” referring primarily to reconciliation or reparation that is made in order to accomplish reconciliation. The primary meaning of the Hebrew verb, however, is “to wipe [something off (or on)]” (see esp. the goal of the sin offering, Lev 4, “to purge” the tabernacle from impurities), but in some cases it refers metaphorically to “wiping away” anything that might stand in the way of good relations by bringing a gift (see, e.g., Gen 32:20 [21 HT], “to appease; to pacify” as an illustration of this). The translation “make atonement” has been retained here because, ultimately, the goal of either purging or appeasing was to maintain a proper relationship between the Lord (who dwelt in the tabernacle) and Israelites in whose midst the tabernacle was pitched (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:689-710 for a full discussion of the Hebrew word meaning “to make atonement” and its theological significance).

[8:34]  ² tn Heb “just as he has done” (cf. the note on v. 33).

[8:34]  ³ tn Heb “the Lord has commanded to do” (cf. the note on v. 33).

[14:20]  ⁴ tn Heb “cause to go up.”

[14:29]  ⁵ tn Heb “on the hand.”

[14:29]  ⁶ tn Heb “give.”

[14:53]  ⁷ tn Heb “to from outside to the city.”

[23:27]  ⁸ tn Heb “Surely the tenth day” or perhaps “Precisely the tenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle אַךְ (’akh) is left untranslated by most recent English versions; cf. however NASB “On exactly the tenth day.”

[23:27]  ⁹ sn See the description of this day and its regulations in Lev 16 and the notes there.

[23:27]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “you shall humble your souls.” See the note on Lev 16:29 above.