Hakim-hakim 8:4

Gideon Tracks Down the Midianite Kings

8:4 Now Gideon and his three hundred men had crossed over the Jordan River, and even though they were exhausted, they were still chasing the Midianites. ¹ 

Hakim-hakim 10:9

10:9 The Ammonites crossed the Jordan to fight with Judah, Benjamin, and Ephraim. ²  Israel suffered greatly. ³ 

Hakim-hakim 5:17

5:17 Gilead stayed put ⁴  beyond the Jordan River.

As for Dan – why did he seek temporary employment in the shipyards? ⁵ 

Asher remained ⁶  on the seacoast,

he stayed ⁷  by his harbors. ⁸ 

Hakim-hakim 6:33

Gideon Summons an Army and Seeks Confirmation

6:33 All the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east ⁹  assembled. They crossed the Jordan River ¹⁰  and camped in the Jezreel Valley.

Hakim-hakim 10:8

10:8 They ruthlessly oppressed ¹¹  the Israelites that eighteenth year ¹²  – that is, all the Israelites living east of the Jordan in Amorite country in Gilead.

Hakim-hakim 11:18

11:18 Then Israel ¹³  went through the desert and bypassed the land of Edom and the land of Moab. They traveled east of the land of Moab and camped on the other side of the Arnon River; ¹⁴  they did not go through Moabite territory (the Arnon was Moab’s border).

Hakim-hakim 3:28

3:28 He said to them, “Follow me, for the Lord is about to defeat your enemies, the Moabites!” ¹⁵  They followed him, captured the fords of the Jordan River ¹⁶  opposite Moab, ¹⁷  and did not let anyone cross.

Hakim-hakim 12:5

12:5 The Gileadites captured the fords of the Jordan River ¹⁸  opposite Ephraim. ¹⁹  Whenever an Ephraimite fugitive ²⁰  said, “Let me cross over,” the men of Gilead asked ²¹  him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No,”

Hakim-hakim 7:25

7:25 They captured the two Midianite generals, Oreb and Zeeb. ²²  They executed Oreb on the rock of Oreb and Zeeb ²³  in the winepress of Zeeb. They chased the Midianites ²⁴  and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon, who was now on the other side of the Jordan River. ²⁵ 

Hakim-hakim 7:24

Gideon Appeases the Ephraimites

7:24 Now Gideon sent messengers throughout the Ephraimite hill country who announced, “Go down and head off the Midianites. ²⁶  Take control of the fords of the streams ²⁷  all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.” ²⁸  When all the Ephraimites had assembled, ²⁹  they took control of the fords ³⁰  all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.

Hakim-hakim 12:1

Civil Strife Mars the Victory

12:1 The Ephraimites assembled ³¹  and crossed over to Zaphon. They said to Jephthah, “Why did you go and fight ³²  with the Ammonites without asking ³³  us to go with you? We will burn your house down right over you!” ³⁴ 

Hakim-hakim 11:32

11:32 Jephthah approached ³⁵  the Ammonites to fight with them, and the Lord handed them over to him.

Hakim-hakim 11:16

11:16 When they left ³⁶  Egypt, Israel traveled ³⁷  through the desert as far as the Red Sea and then came to Kadesh.

Hakim-hakim 12:6

12:6 then they said to him, “Say ‘Shibboleth!’” ³⁸  If he said, “Sibboleth” (and could not pronounce the word ³⁹  correctly), they grabbed him and executed him right there at the fords of the Jordan. On that day forty-two thousand Ephraimites fell dead.

Hakim-hakim 16:3

16:3 Samson spent half the night with the prostitute; then he got up in the middle of the night and left. ⁴⁰  He grabbed the doors of the city gate, as well as the two posts, and pulled them right off, bar and all. ⁴¹  He put them on his shoulders and carried them up to the top of a hill east of Hebron. ⁴² 

Hakim-hakim 20:1

Civil War Breaks Out

20:1 All the Israelites from Dan to Beer Sheba ⁴³  and from the land of Gilead ⁴⁴  left their homes ⁴⁵  and assembled together ⁴⁶  before the Lord at Mizpah.

[8:4]  ¹ tn Heb “And Gideon arrived at the Jordan, crossing over, he and the three hundred men who were with him, exhausted and chasing.” The English past perfect (“had crossed”) is used because this verse flashes back chronologically to an event that preceded the hostile encounter described in vv. 1-3. (Note that 7:25 assumes Gideon had already crossed the Jordan.)

[10:9]  ² tn Heb “the house of Ephraim.”

[10:9]  ³ tn Or “Israel experienced great distress.” Perhaps here the verb has the nuance “hemmed in.”

[5:17]  ⁴ tn Heb “lived” or “settled down.”

[5:17]  sn Apparently the people of Gilead remained on the other side of the river and did not participate in the battle.

[5:17]  ⁵ tn Heb “Dan, why did he live as a resident alien, ships.” The verb גּוּר (gur) usually refers to taking up residence outside one’s native land. Perhaps the Danites, rather than rallying to Barak, were content to move to the Mediterranean coast and work in the shipyards. For further discussion, see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 262.

[5:17]  ⁶ tn Heb “lived.”

[5:17]  ⁷ tn Heb “lived” or “settled down.”

[5:17]  ⁸ tn The meaning of the Hebrew word מִפְרָץ (mifrats) is uncertain, but the parallelism (note “seacoast”) suggests “harbors.”

[6:33]  ⁹ tn Heb “Midian, Amalek, and the sons of the east.”

[6:33]  ¹⁰ tn The words “the Jordan River” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[10:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “shattered and crushed.” The repetition of similar sounding synonyms (רָעַץ [ra’ats] and רָצַץ [ratsats]) is for emphasis; רָצַץ appears in the Polel, adding further emphasis to the affirmation.

[10:8]  ¹² tn The phrase שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה (shemoneh ’esreh shanah) could be translated “eighteen years,” but this would be difficult after the reference to “that year.” It is possible that v. 8b is parenthetical, referring to an eighteen year long period of oppression east of the Jordan which culminated in hostilities against all Israel (including Judah, see v. 9) in the eighteenth year. It is simpler to translate the phrase as an ordinal number, though the context does not provide the point of reference. (See Gen 14:4-5 and R. G. Boling, Judges [AB], 191-92.) In this case, the following statement specifies which “Israelites” are in view.

[11:18]  ¹³ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Israel; the pronoun in the Hebrew text represents a collective singular) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:18]  ¹⁴ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[3:28]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “for the Lord has given your enemies, Moab, into your hand.” The verb form (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the Lord speaks of it as a “done deal.”

[3:28]  ¹⁶ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied for clarity.

[3:28]  ¹⁷ tn Or “against Moab,” that is, so as to prevent the Moabites from crossing.

[12:5]  ¹⁸ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:5]  ¹⁹ tn Or “against Ephraim,” that is, so as to prevent Ephraim from crossing.

[12:5]  ²⁰ tn The Hebrew text has a plural form here.

[12:5]  ²¹ tn Heb “say to.”

[7:25]  ²² sn The names Oreb and Zeeb, which mean “Raven” and “Wolf” respectively, are appropriate because the Midianites had been like scavengers and predators to Israel.

[7:25]  ²³ tn The Hebrew text repeats the verb “executed.” This has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[7:25]  ²⁴ tn Heb “Midian.”

[7:25]  ²⁵ tn Heb “beyond the Jordan.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text but has been supplied in the translation for clarity (also in 8:4).

[7:24]  ²⁶ tn Heb “to meet Midian.”

[7:24]  ²⁷ tn Heb “capture before them the waters.”

[7:24]  ²⁸ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification (also later in this verse).

[7:24]  ²⁹ tn Heb “And all the men of Ephraim were summoned.”

[7:24]  ³⁰ tn Heb “they captured the waters.”

[12:1]  ³¹ tn Heb “the men of Ephraim were summoned [or “were mustered”].”

[12:1]  ³² tn Heb “cross over to fight.”

[12:1]  ³³ tn Or “calling”; or “summoning.”

[12:1]  ³⁴ tn Heb “Your house we will burn over you with fire.”

[11:32]  ³⁵ tn Heb “passed over to.”

[11:16]  ³⁶ tn Heb “For when they went up from.”

[11:16]  ³⁷ tn Or “went.”

[12:6]  ³⁸ sn The inability of the Ephraimites to pronounce the word shibboleth the way the Gileadites did served as an identifying test. It illustrates that during this period there were differences in pronunciation between the tribes. The Hebrew word shibboleth itself means “stream” or “flood,” and was apparently chosen simply as a test case without regard to its meaning.

[12:6]  ³⁹ tn Heb “and could not prepare to speak.” The precise meaning of יָכִין (yakhin) is unclear. Some understand it to mean “was not careful [to say it correctly]”; others emend to יָכֹל (yakhol, “was not able [to say it correctly]”) or יָבִין (yavin, “did not understand [that he should say it correctly]”), which is read by a few Hebrew mss.

[16:3]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “And Samson lay until the middle of the night and arose in the middle of the night.”

[16:3]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “with the bar.”

[16:3]  ⁴² tn Heb “which is upon the face of Hebron.”

[20:1]  ⁴³ sn Dan was located in the far north of the country, while Beer Sheba was located in the far south. This encompassed all the territory of the land of Canaan occupied by the Israelites.

[20:1]  ⁴⁴ sn The land of Gilead was on the eastern side of the Jordan River.

[20:1]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “went out.”

[20:1]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “and the assembly was convened as one man.”