Kejadian 37:29-30

37:29 Later Reuben returned to the cistern to find that Joseph was not in it! ¹  He tore his clothes, 37:30 returned to his brothers, and said, “The boy isn’t there! And I, where can I go?”

Kejadian 37:34-35

37:34 Then Jacob tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, ²  and mourned for his son many days. 37:35 All his sons and daughters stood by ³  him to console him, but he refused to be consoled. “No,” he said, “I will go to the grave mourning my son.” ⁴  So Joseph’s ⁵  father wept for him.

Kejadian 42:36-38

42:36 Their father Jacob said to them, “You are making me childless! Joseph is gone. ⁶  Simeon is gone. ⁷  And now you want to take ⁸  Benjamin! Everything is against me.”

42:37 Then Reuben said to his father, “You may ⁹  put my two sons to death if I do not bring him back to you. Put him in my care ¹⁰  and I will bring him back to you.” 42:38 But Jacob ¹¹  replied, “My son will not go down there with you, for his brother is dead and he alone is left. ¹²  If an accident happens to him on the journey you have to make, then you will bring down my gray hair ¹³  in sorrow to the grave.” ¹⁴ 

Kejadian 42:2

42:2 He then said, “Look, I hear that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy grain for us ¹⁵  so that we may live ¹⁶  and not die.” ¹⁷ 

1 Samuel 13:1

Saul Fails the Lord

13:1 Saul was [thirty] ¹⁸  years old when he began to reign; he ruled over Israel for [forty] ¹⁹  years.

1 Samuel 13:1

Saul Fails the Lord

13:1 Saul was [thirty] ²⁰  years old when he began to reign; he ruled over Israel for [forty] ²¹  years.

1 Samuel 18:1

Saul Comes to Fear David

18:1 When David ²²  had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan and David became bound together in close friendship. ²³  Jonathan loved David as much as he did his own life. ²⁴ 

Ayub 1:20

1:20 Then Job got up ²⁵  and tore his robe. ²⁶  He shaved his head, ²⁷  and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground. ²⁸ 

[37:29]  ¹ tn Heb “and look, Joseph was not in the cistern.” By the use of וְהִנֵּה (vÿhinneh, “and look”), the narrator invites the reader to see the situation through Reuben’s eyes.

[37:34]  ² tn Heb “and put sackcloth on his loins.”

[37:35]  ³ tn Heb “arose, stood”; which here suggests that they stood by him in his time of grief.

[37:35]  ⁴ tn Heb “and he said, ‘Indeed I will go down to my son mourning to Sheol.’” Sheol was viewed as the place where departed spirits went after death.

[37:35]  ⁵ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[42:36]  ⁶ tn Heb “is not.”

[42:36]  ⁷ tn Heb “is not.”

[42:36]  ⁸ tn The nuance of the imperfect verbal form is desiderative here.

[42:37]  ⁹ tn The nuance of the imperfect verbal form is permissive here.

[42:37]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “my hand.”

[42:38]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[42:38]  ¹² sn The expression he alone is left meant that (so far as Jacob knew) Benjamin was the only surviving child of his mother Rachel.

[42:38]  ¹³ sn The expression bring down my gray hair is figurative, using a part for the whole – they would put Jacob in the grave. But the gray head signifies a long life of worry and trouble.

[42:38]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “to Sheol,” the dwelling place of the dead.

[42:2]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and buy for us from there.” The word “grain,” the direct object of “buy,” has been supplied for clarity, and the words “from there” have been omitted in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[42:2]  ¹⁶ tn Following the imperatives, the prefixed verbal form with prefixed vav expresses purpose of result.

[42:2]  ¹⁷ tn The imperfect tense continues the nuance of the verb before it.

[13:1]  ¹⁸ tc The MT does not have “thirty.” A number appears to have dropped out of the Hebrew text here, since as it stands the MT (literally, “a son of a year”) must mean that Saul was only one year old when he began to reign! The KJV, attempting to resolve this, reads “Saul reigned one year,” but that is not the normal meaning of the Hebrew text represented by the MT. Although most LXX mss lack the entire verse, some Greek mss have “thirty years” here (while others have “one year” like the MT). The Syriac Peshitta has Saul’s age as twenty-one. But this seems impossible to harmonize with the implied age of Saul’s son Jonathan in the following verse. Taking into account the fact that in v. 2 Jonathan was old enough to be a military leader, some scholars prefer to supply in v. 1 the number forty (cf. ASV, NASB). The present translation (“thirty”) is a possible but admittedly uncertain proposal based on a few Greek mss and followed by a number of English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT). Other English versions simply supply ellipsis marks for the missing number (e.g., NAB, NRSV).

[13:1]  ¹⁹ tc The MT has “two years” here. If this number is to be accepted as correct, the meaning apparently would be that after a lapse of two years at the beginning of Saul’s reign, he then went about the task of consolidating an army as described in what follows (cf. KJV, ASV, CEV). But if the statement in v. 1 is intended to be a comprehensive report on the length of Saul’s reign, the number is too small. According to Acts 13:21 Saul reigned for forty years. Some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT), taking this forty to be a round number, add it to the “two years” of the MT and translate the number in 2 Sam 13:1 as “forty-two years.” While this is an acceptable option, the present translation instead replaces the MT’s “two” with the figure “forty.” Admittedly the textual evidence for this decision is weak, but the same can be said of any attempt to restore sense to this difficult text (note the ellipsis marks at this point in NAB, NRSV). The Syriac Peshitta lacks this part of v. 1.

[13:1]  ²⁰ tc The MT does not have “thirty.” A number appears to have dropped out of the Hebrew text here, since as it stands the MT (literally, “a son of a year”) must mean that Saul was only one year old when he began to reign! The KJV, attempting to resolve this, reads “Saul reigned one year,” but that is not the normal meaning of the Hebrew text represented by the MT. Although most LXX mss lack the entire verse, some Greek mss have “thirty years” here (while others have “one year” like the MT). The Syriac Peshitta has Saul’s age as twenty-one. But this seems impossible to harmonize with the implied age of Saul’s son Jonathan in the following verse. Taking into account the fact that in v. 2 Jonathan was old enough to be a military leader, some scholars prefer to supply in v. 1 the number forty (cf. ASV, NASB). The present translation (“thirty”) is a possible but admittedly uncertain proposal based on a few Greek mss and followed by a number of English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT). Other English versions simply supply ellipsis marks for the missing number (e.g., NAB, NRSV).

[13:1]  ²¹ tc The MT has “two years” here. If this number is to be accepted as correct, the meaning apparently would be that after a lapse of two years at the beginning of Saul’s reign, he then went about the task of consolidating an army as described in what follows (cf. KJV, ASV, CEV). But if the statement in v. 1 is intended to be a comprehensive report on the length of Saul’s reign, the number is too small. According to Acts 13:21 Saul reigned for forty years. Some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT), taking this forty to be a round number, add it to the “two years” of the MT and translate the number in 2 Sam 13:1 as “forty-two years.” While this is an acceptable option, the present translation instead replaces the MT’s “two” with the figure “forty.” Admittedly the textual evidence for this decision is weak, but the same can be said of any attempt to restore sense to this difficult text (note the ellipsis marks at this point in NAB, NRSV). The Syriac Peshitta lacks this part of v. 1.

[18:1]  ²² tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ²³ tn Heb “the soul of Jonathan was bound with the soul of David.”

[18:1]  ²⁴ tn Heb “like his [own] soul.”

[18:1]  sn On the nature of Jonathan’s love for David, see J. A. Thompson, “The Significance of the Verb Love in the David-Jonathan Narratives in 1 Samuel,” VT 24 (1974): 334-38.

[1:20]  ²⁵ tn The verb וַיָּקָם (vayyaqom, “and he arose”) indicates the intentionality and the rapidity of the actions to follow. It signals the beginning of his response to the terrible news. Therefore, the sentence could be translated, “Then Job immediately began to tear his robe.”

[1:20]  ²⁶ sn It was the custom to tear the robe in a time of mourning, to indicate that the heart was torn (Joel 2:13). The “garment, mantel” here is the outer garment frequently worn over the basic tunic. See further D. R. Ap-Thomas, “Notes on Some Terms Relating to Prayer,” VT 6 (1956): 220-24.

[1:20]  ²⁷ sn In mourning one normally put off every adornment that enhanced or embellished the person, including that which nature provided (Jer 7:29; Mic 1:16).

[1:20]  ²⁸ tn This last verb is the Hishtaphel of the word חָוָה (khavah; BDB 1005 s.v. שָׁחָה); it means “to prostrate oneself, to cause oneself to be low to the ground.” In the OT it is frequently translated “to worship” because that is usually why the individual would kneel down and then put his or her forehead to the ground at the knees. But the word essentially means “to bow down to the ground.” Here “worship” (although employed by several English translations, cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, CEV) conveys more than what is taking place – although Job’s response is certainly worshipful. See G. I. Davies, “A Note on the Etymology of histah^awah,” VT 29 (1979): 493-95; and J. A. Emerton, “The Etymology of histah^awah,” OTS (1977): 41-55.